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美国专利私掠之:苹果的海盗船

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  • Time of issue:2016-09-26 15:57
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(Summary description)南京华讯报:在智能手机领域,苹果公司也没有闲着。为了打击谷歌的安卓系统,苹果也采用了与微软同样的战略,成了立了专利私掠公司。  1、核武库  北电网络1882年成立,源于加拿大贝尔电讯公司的电话制造和修理部门,曾经有9万员工,是享誉国际的著名通信设备供应商。2005年后渐露老态,人浮于事,管理不善,产品市场连连失利。最后数据中心输给了思科,传统电信业务被中国的华为出奇制胜。2009年,北电宣布破产

美国专利私掠之:苹果的海盗船

(Summary description)南京华讯报:在智能手机领域,苹果公司也没有闲着。为了打击谷歌的安卓系统,苹果也采用了与微软同样的战略,成了立了专利私掠公司。  1、核武库  北电网络1882年成立,源于加拿大贝尔电讯公司的电话制造和修理部门,曾经有9万员工,是享誉国际的著名通信设备供应商。2005年后渐露老态,人浮于事,管理不善,产品市场连连失利。最后数据中心输给了思科,传统电信业务被中国的华为出奇制胜。2009年,北电宣布破产

  • Categories:最新消息
  • Author:
  • Origin:
  • Time of issue:2016-09-26 15:57
  • Views:
Information

  南京华讯报:在智能手机领域,苹果公司也没有闲着。为了打击谷歌的安卓系统,苹果也采用了与微软同样的战略,成了立了专利私掠公司。

  1、核武库

  北电网络1882年成立,源于加拿大贝尔电讯公司的电话制造和修理部门,曾经有9万员工,是享誉国际的著名通信设备供应商。2005年后渐露老态,人浮于事,管理不善,产品市场连连失利。最后数据中心输给了思科,传统电信业务被中国的华为出奇制胜。2009年,北电宣布破产,导致3万人失业,一些员工丢了医疗保险,所有员工养老金减半,公司高层管理者被控欺诈。这些新闻轰动了全世界。

  与北电的产品服务不同,该公司的专利质量很高,专家说可与贝尔实验室或者IBM的专利相媲美,经得起法庭考验。北电破产时共有9000个专利。专利覆盖范围包括无线网络、电信交换、互联网路由、个人电脑、调制解调、搜索和社交网络等信息产业的各个领域。

  北电网络公司非常善于申请专利,公司技术部门对专利非常看重,每年都申请很多。作出专利发明的员工可以获得奖金,有时候还可以与公司高层参加在最高档宾馆举办的华美的专利颁奖仪式。

  遗憾的是,直到2008年,北电的专利没有做任何对外许可,是专利行权者眼中肥沃的处女地。加拿大企业一向友好,不愿诉讼得罪合作伙伴和客户。北电申请专利时的目的是纯粹防御,鼓励工程师申请用于反击针对北电的专利进攻。防御专利的申请特点是敌进我进,主要是通过各种专利数据分析和市场产品研究努力想象竞争对手未来的技术发展方向,自己公司提前布局相关专利,卡住竞争企业的咽喉要道。这样做的结果是北电网络申请了大量直指竞争对手正在经营的产品和服务的专利。这些专利北电自己不一定应用实施,但竞争对手却很难绕过。北电只要经营正常,这个危险的专利武库就不会用来主动进攻竞争对手,但北电一旦破产,这些专利就是最危险的攻击武器。

  北电申请了很多LTE(长期演进技术)也就是第四代无线通信技术专利,包括路由和交换机的核心技术。欧洲电信标准机构的数据显示,北电的这些专利可以用在新出现的电信标准中,分布在43个标准领域,很多与第四代无线通信技术有关。

  2008年,在公司宣告破产前6个月,曾经任职朗讯、负责专利许可的约翰·维奇接手了北电的专利许可业务。此前在,他惊奇地发现,他得到了一个难得的机会:一个巨大的世界一流质量的专利储备库,从来没有人努力使用过。

  所有专利律师喜欢大型专利组合,因为这有助于和解谈判。专利诉讼中的对抗需要数量来支持,只要达到一定数量,专利诉讼原告就占有绝对优势,因为谁都没有能力把几十个专利的几百个专利要求权项完全无效掉。在美国,研究分析每个专利都需要1万到1.5万美元,跟别提高额的专利无效律师费和漫长的专利无效程序了。专利数量使得强制许可专利的成本大大下降了。美国有专家指出,超过了200个专利的组合就基本天下无敌了。北电的专利组合远远超过了这个数量,质量也非常卓越。维奇觉得这就像自己在股市谷底时购买了绩优股票,前途非常光明。他认为当时正是开拓北电专利许可业务的好机会,运作得当的话可以赶上朗讯或者IBM 的许可规模。遗憾的是,他还没有放手大干,北电就宣告破产了。

  2、标卖

  北电破产对专利买方是空前的机会,从来没有企业的专利达到这样的高度关注。几千个高质量的专利流入市场,给大企业间国王的战争提供新式的武器。智能手机企业间的专利战正难解难分,这个新武库成了各方争夺的中心。

  北电的专利质量吸引了很多投资者。作为专家和北电专利的管理运作者,维奇和他的小团队一直在拍卖战斗的第一线,对价格谈判做了很大贡献。

  他的第一个工作就是说服管理层和债权人将专利独立出来单独售卖。开始有的债权人不理解,管理层也认为没有专利其他资产卖不上好价格,一些管理层认为不值10 亿美元。各方很大争议。幸好代理债权人的专家有在Ocean Tomo工作的经验,看到了北电专利的价值。在该专家的支持下,股东和债权人看到了北电专利的价值,接受了维奇的建议。它们开始构建金融模型,在朗讯工作室规划如何展示北电网络的专利组合。

  他们做的主要工作就是分析北电近万的专利,计算出哪些能与企业的生意模块单位事业部组合销售,哪些能独立拍卖。这就是所谓的专利分离工作。这个工作做完后,维奇的团队筛选出6千专利,决定对外单独拍卖。维奇的团队构建了专利数据库,绘制了图表,展示现在和未来的网络标准,以及北电网络专利实现价值的空间,然后是为潜在的买家证明专利的价值工作。

  这些准备工作被证明是非常杰出的,谷歌第一次就报了起拍价9亿美元,其他的公司积极跟进。最初,苹果、英特尔、黑莓这些企业都感兴趣,后来防卫性基金RPX 也加入了拍卖。各方势力合纵连横,最后形成了两个集团,一个是由苹果、微软、黑莓、索尼、爱立信等成立的“滚星”(Rockstar Bidco),一个是英特尔和谷歌组成的“游骑兵”。

  专利圈内人知道北电专利组合就是一个核反应堆,在错误的人手中非常危险,即使是在理性的竞争对手手中也有点吓人。

  谷歌早期就透露出希望收购该公司的组合以平衡竞争的意愿,结果游骑兵不敌滚星,这些专利到了滚星手里,也就是微软手里,中标价格达到空前的45亿美元,远远高于专利组合的估价。比北电所有公司业务模块的出售价值还高出13亿美元!

  舆论就一直怀疑这些会用来攻击谷歌。知识产权专家当时就认为滚星公司会服务于股东微软、爱立信等的战略利益,追击谷歌和安卓的合作伙伴,如宏达电等。

  后来不断披露的信息显示,此购买主角是苹果,支付了26亿美元,爱立信3.4亿美元,RIM7.7亿美元,微软, EMC and Sony三家共9亿美元。

  鉴于该交易的目的是压制安卓系统,美国司法部开展了反垄断调查。最后,微软和苹果被迫承诺将其中的核心专利以合理价格许可给竞争对手,包括谷歌。不久后谷歌收购了摩托罗拉移动的专利组合,这使得司法部认为谷歌的行为平衡了双方的专利实力,所以通过了北电专利交易的反垄断审查。

  司法部对北电网络收购的批准行为无意间为这些专利的运营行权做了背书。微软和苹果不再需要偷偷摸摸地成立壳公司来行权了,这两个公司可以光明正大地公开使用这些攻击性强的专利,向竞争对手挥舞大棒。滚星的首席执行官直截了当,认为微软和苹果使用专利的承诺不应用于滚星公司,滚星是独立的,微软和苹果承诺的哪些原则不适用。这等于微软耍了司法部一道。由于滚星是独立的公司,就可以对微软和苹果的合作伙伴和客户动手。

  苹果和微软将2000件专利转移给原来收购联盟的成员。将剩下的4000件弹头专利转移到滚星公司,由这个新成立的私掠船公司通过琐碎的专利侵权诉讼打击它们的竞争对手,希望竞争对手在不断的专利轰炸中不断流血而亡。由于滚星原来的成员都是安卓的死对头,所以该组织战略明确,就是诉讼安卓平台产业链相关的公司,同时获得投资回报。滚星会将从安卓系列公司获得的专利许可费收入反馈给苹果、微软等成员公司。

  谷歌早知道这一天要来,在竞标失败后其首席律师就讲,微软和苹果的专利联盟是一个针对安卓的不怀好意的有组织的行动。为了应对风险,谷歌不得已花了125亿美元购买了摩托罗拉移动。

  幕后

  滚星公司首席执行官就是维奇,公司的使命是通过许可和售卖获得回报。2012年时滚星有32个员工,其中25个来自北电,帮助理解和销售这些专利组合。他们工作的目标只有一个:检测市场上的各种成功产品,路由器、智能手机、发现这些产品侵权的证据。滚星公司在渥太华有个反向工程实验室,有不少反向工程工程师,说的简单点就是拆解机器找到侵权点的工程师。这些反向工程工程师的工作就是整天阅读专利说明书,仔细阅读计算机参考书,拆解各种消费性电子产品。媒体形象地描述为“一手拿着逻辑探头,一手拿着电烙铁”。

  滚星公司的员工中有8个是律师。一旦发现侵权证据,滚星公司就记录制档,由律师联系相关制造企业,以潜在的诉讼威胁对方,要求支付专利许可费。2012年3-5月两个月中,滚星公司已经与100多家企业谈判许可。因为控制着第三、四代无线通信的核心技术,几乎无线通信产业的所有企业都侵权,无法想象有的高科技公司没有侵犯他们的专利权。这些律师的工作看来很忙,会一直忙到这些专利失效或者第四代无线通信技术过时。

  大部分无产实体都没有从巨大科技公司获得几千个专利。所以滚星是奉旨行盗的私掠船的终极版本,大企业转手自己的专利给小的壳公司,由壳公司做肮脏的工作,诉讼自己的竞争对手。本质上讲,是美国制造企业走上了无产实体之途。真是:“走丑怪的路,让丑怪无路可走”。

  行权

  私掠船现象让谷歌头疼不已。2013年2月,谷歌诉讼英国电信,原因就是该公司不但直接诉讼谷歌,还武装无产实体绕道攻击。为的就是做了坏事,还可以一推三不知,它们会满脸无辜地说:无产实体是一个独立的公司,我们没有控制它。

  智能手机市场越来越有价值,iPhone系统和安卓竞争激烈,赌注越来越大。谷歌的竞争对手为了浇灭安卓不惜血本,同时也想干坏事的时候抢点钱。海量的信息通信专利储备就成了武库,大家都可以进去选择自己心仪的武器。智能手机专利战已经进行了好几年,雌雄未分,为了占据上风,苹果和微软的联盟启动了海盗船计划。

  2013年11月,专利战上升到核大战,滚星起诉了谷歌 ,而且是一次提起八个诉讼。此次诉讼的被告是谷歌和制造安卓手机的公司,包括华硕、宏达电、华为、LG、韩国泛泰公司、三星、和中兴。诉讼地德州东区法院——专利丑怪故事的理想背景地。涉诉的是六个专利,属于一个专利组合,名字都叫“关联搜素引擎”,内容关于“为在数据网络搜索所需信息的使用者提供广告的广告工具”。专利主题包括:图形界面导航工具、互联网协议过滤、整合信息中心。

  专利组合涉及的专利中,最早的一个是在1997年申请的,比谷歌成立还早一年,最新的专利在2007年申请,2011年授权。滚星公司的律师拿谷歌竞标来说事:谷歌不停地大幅度提高竞标价格,最后达到44亿美元,虽然没有得到这些专利,但这可以证明它们一直在侵权,还继续侵权。

  双方的律师团团队都很强,滚星雇佣了两个不同的律所,都是在当地有专利诉讼经验;谷歌的律师曾经应对不少起诉全世界的案子,例如保罗艾伦诉脸书、谷歌的案子等。安卓手机制造商的案子由著名的当地律所McKool Smith代理。该律师代理了最多大的案子,代表是VirnetX告苹果(赔偿3.68亿美元),i4i诉微软(赔偿2.9亿美元),某公司诉高通(赔偿1.73亿美元)。

  敝屣

  随着智能手机市场专利诉讼降温,苹果与谷歌、三星大成战略和解协议,滚星的其他股东也纷纷表达退意。滚星的专利大棒不在有用,成为秋天的团扇和穿旧的敝屣。微软和爱立信都不喜欢通过诉讼来许可专利,苹果黑莓也希望尽快摆脱靠专利丑怪挣钱的恶名。对生产企业来说,毕竟这是不误正业,在越来越恶化的专利行权环境中,靠专利行权挣钱还不如生产制造。

  2015年2月,滚星被RPX公司收购,4000多专利落入手中,收购价9亿美元。

Electronic

Electronic Arts pledges free use for five accessibility patents

Electronic Arts pledges free use for five accessibility patents Recently, Electronic Arts (EA) announced a patent pledge that gives other companies and developers free access to five of its current accessibility-related patents and technology. The company promised not to enforce against any party for infringing any of the listed patents. Instead, EA hopes to encourage “innovation” and build new features that make video games more inclusive on a much larger scale by opening up the patents.  Electronic Arts (EA) is an American video game company founded in 1982. The company owns many popular and famous games, such as The Sims, SimCity, Apex Legends, Madden NFL and FIFA. Each of the games has more than 30 or 50 million sales volume. Significantly, esports involves FIFA and Apex Legends into the event list. Apex Legends has up to 1 billion players, and it is so popular that it has a Switch version. Within the freely available patents, one of which grabs everyone’s attention -- Apex Legends’ ping system (patent No. US 11097189). The ping system in Apex Legends, which excellently allows players to make communication and teamwork quick and easy without hearing or speaking, has been praised both as an impressive alternative to voice chat and as a great accessibility feature for players with a variety of disabilities.  The other patents include the technology widely used in the FIFA and Madden NFL. The innovations can automatically detect and modify colors (patent No. US 10118097 and CN 107694092) and contrast ratios (patent No. US 10878540) to improve gamers’ visibility with colorblindness and low vision. Furthermore, one of the patents relates to personalized sound technology, helping players with hearing issues by modifying or creating music based on their preferences (patent No. US 10790919).   The code of the mentioned technology is published on EA’s GitHub, and it is open to all developers. Thus, the developers can use it or adapt it for their games without spending the costs to research. It is good that EA shares the patents for free use and aims to create an accessibility-increased gaming environment for players. However, it is not “unconditional” to use the listed patents. In the pledge, EA mentioned that it may terminate the promise for a specific party which files a patent infringement lawsuit or other patent proceedings against EA. We can see parts of EV’s ambition behind the announcement—to build a large game developer league and a community of shared interests.     Reference: https://www.ea.com/commitments/positive-play/accessibility-patent-pledge https://iknow.stpi.narl.org.tw/Post/Read.aspx?PostID=14562 https://www.polygon.com/22639469/apex-legends-electronic-arts-patent-pledge-accessibility-developers https://www.theverge.com/2021/8/24/22638535/ea-accessibility-patent-pledge-apex-legends-ping-system https://www.gamesradar.com/ea-secures-a-patent-for-the-apex-legends-ping-system-and-its-giving-it-away-for-free/ https://dotesports.com/apex-legends/news/apex-legends-ping-system-is-now-patent-free-for-accessibility https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2021/08/apex_legends_ping_system_now_patent-free_as_ea_announces_accessibility_pledge Recently, Electronic Arts (EA) announced a patent pledge that gives other companies and developers free access to five of its current accessibility-related patents and technology. The company promised not to enforce against any party for infringing any of the listed patents. Instead, EA hopes to encourage “innovation” and build new features that make video games more inclusive on a much larger scale by opening up the patents.    Electronic Arts (EA) is an American video game company founded in 1982. The company owns many popular and famous games, such as The Sims, SimCity, Apex Legends, Madden NFL and FIFA. Each of the games has more than 30 or 50 million sales volume. Significantly, esports involves FIFA and Apex Legends into the event list. Apex Legends has up to 1 billion players, and it is so popular that it has a Switch version.   Within the freely available patents, one of which grabs everyone’s attention -- Apex Legends’ ping system (patent No. US 11097189). The ping system in Apex Legends, which excellently allows players to make communication and teamwork quick and easy without hearing or speaking, has been praised both as an impressive alternative to voice chat and as a great accessibility feature for players with a variety of disabilities.    The other patents include the technology widely used in the FIFA and Madden NFL. The innovations can automatically detect and modify colors (patent No. US 10118097 and CN 107694092) and contrast ratios (patent No. US 10878540) to improve gamers’ visibility with colorblindness and low vision. Furthermore, one of the patents relates to personalized sound technology, helping players with hearing issues by modifying or creating music based on their preferences (patent No. US 10790919).   The
2021-10-22
The

The forum on "China's Intellectual Property-related Reform Measures and New Trends in Patent Litigation" will be held successfully!

The forum on "China's Intellectual Property-related Reform Measures and New Trends in Patent Litigation" will be held successfully! In response to the call for building a strong country with intellectual property rights, at 2 o'clock in the afternoon of October 21, the forum on "China's reform measures related to intellectual property rights and new trends in patent litigation" will be successfully held in Nanjing Jiangbei New District Industrial Technology Research and Innovation Park. The event was hosted by the Science and Technology Innovation Bureau of Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Management Committee, Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Industrial Technology Research and Innovation Park, Nanjing Intellectual Property Rights Protection Assistance Center Jiangbei New District Center, Nanjing Huaxun Intellectual Property Consultant Co., Ltd., Nanjing Intellectual Property Co-organized by the Protection Center (Nanjing Intellectual Property Rights Protection Assistance Center), Taiwan Pharmaceutical Development Association, and Gene Online. The director of Nanjing Intellectual Property Protection Center, Mou Xiaojian, delivered a speech. Director Mu expressed his warm congratulations on the holding of this event and introduced in detail the new pattern of intellectual property protection in Nanjing. He said: At present, Nanjing has implemented a rights protection assistance network in the municipal area. With full coverage, Nanjing Intellectual Property Protection Center is willing to closely communicate and interact with Nanjing's innovation entities, and provide relevant public welfare services such as rapid pre-review, rapid rights protection, and comprehensive utilization for enterprises in need. In addition, Huang Funan, CEO of Gene Online, was unable to come to congratulate due to the epidemic, and recorded a congratulatory video. In the video, he said: China Innovative Pharmaceuticals has already made many outstanding achievements on the international stage, and these are inseparable from intellectual property rights. The support of the company can also show the importance of intellectual property rights to biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. This event invites four industry experts to focus on China's reform measures related to intellectual property rights and new trends in patent litigation, discuss with companies and universities, and make arrangements in advance. Dr. Qingchen Hou, general manager of Nanjing Huaxun Intellectual Property Consulting Co., Ltd., introduced the "Guidelines for Building a Powerful Country with Intellectual Property Rights (2021-2035)" and explained his views from four aspects: background, strategic layout, overall requirements, and organizational guarantees. . Subsequently, a detailed analysis of China's patent linkage system was carried out, and compared with the same types of cases at home and abroad, questions were raised: Why should we reward the first person who successfully challenged patents? Not the first person to file a P4 application? And have a series of discussions with you. Director Jiang Haijun of the Intellectual Property Protection Legal Committee of the Nanjing Lawyers Association gave a speech on three points: the problems after the amendment of the patent law, the enforceability of the amount of compensation, and the legal conflicts related to service inventions. Regarding the patent right evaluation report, he emphasized that the patentee, interested party or accused infringer can also proactively issue a patent right evaluation report. "Patent is a work of art that combines technology and law" is a message shared by Mr. Feng Tao from Jiangsu Junbo Law Firm at this event. Mr. Feng analyzes the big data of Chinese patent litigation cases through graphs and examples. Explore. The last topic of the event was shared by Guo Huangying, Intellectual Property Manager of Nanjing Huaxun Intellectual Property Agency (General Partnership)-China's Patent Infringement Judgment Principles and New Developments. Manager Guo explained to everyone the principles of patent infringement judgment and the necessity of patent infringement search and analysis before producing and selling products. In the intellectual property industry, ECCOM has been providing high-quality and professional comprehensive intellectual property services to enterprises and universities one step at a time. It also hopes that under the leadership of the state and the government, it will contribute to the building of a strong intellectual property nation in China. Make a contribution.
2021-10-22
Types

Types of patents that are easily overlooked- Design Patent

Types of patents that are easily overlooked- Design Patent In recent years, as the public’s awareness of intellectual property has increased, people have begun to consciously use the patent law to protect their intellectual property rights. However, in the process of implementation, they often only focus on invention patent and utility model patent, and tend to ignore the protection of design patent. Recently, Midea sued Haotaitai for two models of CXW-300-D998 and CXW-300-D908 Haotaitai brand range hoods In the case of suspected infringement of its design patent (patent number: ZL201930621598.X), the Guangzhou Intellectual Property Court made a first-instance judgment after hearing that it determined that the two products of Haotaitai constituted infringement, and ordered it to immediately stop the infringement and compensate Midea, The company's economic losses and reasonable expenses totaled 360,000 yuan. In fact, appearance infringement cases have occurred from time to time before, such as: "Molly" blind box design patent case, "Siemens" switch design patent infringement dispute case received a compensation of 6 million yuan, three Casio watch design patents were infringed Received a compensation of 8.8 million yuan and so on. The reason why people ignore the protection of design patents, in the final analysis, is that they have insufficient knowledge of design patents. Today, let's take a look at what is protected by design patents and what rights protections can we apply for? Design patent definition: Article 2 of the "Patent Law", design patent, refers to a new design that is aesthetically pleasing and suitable for industrial applications based on the shape, pattern, or combination of products, and the combination of color, shape, and pattern. Protected range: The shape of the product; the pattern of the product; the shape and pattern of the product; the shape and color of the product; the pattern and color of the product; the shape, pattern and color of the product. Protection period: The term of protection for design patent rights is 15 years, calculated from the date of filing. What are the conditions for applying for a design patent? The design should be aesthetically pleasing Appearance patents should be suitable for industrial applications The design patent application should be novel The design patent application should be inventiveness What are the advantages and functions of design patents? Protect the rights and interests of enterprises in product designs and fight against infringements in market competition. To enhance brand value, the quality and quantity of patents are the embodiment of the company's innovation ability and core competitiveness. Receive consumer recognition. If a company's new product appearance is filed for a patent in a timely manner, its appearance design will enjoy the exclusive right. Nowadays, consumers often choose products with trendy and beautiful appearance when buying their products. Applying for a design patent is a necessary condition for applying for a high-tech enterprise.
2021-09-26
Colopl

Colopl Settles Patent Infringement Lawsuit with Nintendo by Paying $30 Million

Colopl Settles Patent Infringement Lawsuit with Nintendo by Paying $30 Million   This August, Nintendo and a game developer Colopl announced that they have settled for patent infringement regarding White Cat Project (Shironeko Project in Japanese), a smartphone game developed by Colopl. Although both companies did not publicly share exact details of the settlement, at least it is sure that Colopl agreed to pay 3.3 billion yen (about US$30.2 million) as the settlement fee for the proceedings, including the future license of Nintendo's patents.    How did the battle begin?  Being developed and published by a Japanese game developer, Colopl, White Cat Project is a free-to-play action role-playing game for Android and iOS systems. The mobile game was launched in July 2014 as well as got a television anime adaptation in 2020. It is incredibly popular to have more than 50 million downloads. Furthermore, the game is set to receive a Switch version titled "Shironeko New Project".    In September 2016, Nintendo noted the Colopl's game and considered that the game had infringed on several of Nintendo's technology patents. The two companies communicated with each other for over a year; however, Nintendo did not accept the explanations from Colopl, and Nintendo filed a lawsuit against Colopl at the beginning of 2018.    Nintendo claimed that Colopl infringed 6 of its patents. These patents protect touch-screen joystick functionality (patent no. JP3734820), multiplayer connectivity (patent no. JP5595991, JP6271692), confirmation screens in sleep mode (patent no. JP4010533), character attacks based on touch input locations (patent no. JP4262217), and a shadow effect placed on characters hidden behind the game geometry (patent no. JP3637031).   These patents almost cover various ways of game technology, especially the patent  JP5595991 and JP6271692. Their patent family is wide-reaching, and many divisional applications of the family are pending in Japan. They protect a communication game system and its related devices. It is not easy to detect the patent's existence and boundary since this kind of hardcore technique is so common in the gaming field and our daily lives.     The five-year patent war has been settled.  After a five-year dispute, the situation appeared to turn in Nintendo's favor as the Switch maker increased its monetary demands, which convinced Colopl to strike a deal that lets it use the disputed patents. Furthermore, a Switch version of White Cat Project remains in the works at Colopl.    With the extraordinary losses of Colopl, the legal battle between the two companies came to an end.  
2021-09-09
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