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美国专利申请终审意见(Final OA)应对的4个关键点

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  • Time of issue:2016-12-08 11:36
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(Summary description)随着越来越多的中国企业参与到国际竞争中,在海外进行知识产权保护也越来越被中国企业所重视。其中,作为世界第一大经济体的美国已成为很多中国申请人进行海外专利申请的首选国家。  美国专利审查制度相对于中国、欧洲、日本等国家有其独特性,其中之一在于它的“终审意见”(FinalOfficeAction,以下简称FinalOA)和“请求再审查”(RequestforContinuedExamination,以

美国专利申请终审意见(Final OA)应对的4个关键点

(Summary description)随着越来越多的中国企业参与到国际竞争中,在海外进行知识产权保护也越来越被中国企业所重视。其中,作为世界第一大经济体的美国已成为很多中国申请人进行海外专利申请的首选国家。  美国专利审查制度相对于中国、欧洲、日本等国家有其独特性,其中之一在于它的“终审意见”(FinalOfficeAction,以下简称FinalOA)和“请求再审查”(RequestforContinuedExamination,以

  • Categories:最新消息
  • Author:
  • Origin:
  • Time of issue:2016-12-08 11:36
  • Views:
Information

  随着越来越多的中国企业参与到国际竞争中,在海外进行知识产权保护也越来越被中国企业所重视。其中,作为世界第一大经济体的美国已成为很多中国申请人进行海外专利申请的首选国家。

  美国专利审查制度相对于中国、欧洲、日本等国家有其独特性,其中之一在于它的“终审意见”(Final Office Action,以下简称Final OA)和“请求再审查”(Request for Continued Examination,以下简称RCE)程序。

  有人把美国Final OA看作中国的驳回决定通知书,认为其等同于专利局做出的最终审查决定,这其实是一种误解。

  这里的“Final”其实只是表示之前所缴纳的检索费和审查费已经用尽的意思。所以,不要因为收到权利要求全部被核驳的Final OA而沮丧,尤其是这往往只是官方发出的第二次审查意见!不同于中国国家知识产权局对一件专利申请发出三次、四次,甚至六次、七次的审查意见通知书,在第二次审查时发出Final OA,其实是美国专利审查中再正常不过的情况。

  根据南京华讯的经验,只有1/3左右的专利申请能够在Final OA之前接到两次以上的non-Final OA。另外,由于修改权利要求意味着审查员需要对新的技术方案再次检索和审查,Final OA也有修改权利要求的窗口已经关闭的意思。在收到Final OA后,理论上在答复中不能再对权利要求书进行实质性修改。

  既然Final OA表示之前缴纳的检索费和审查费已经用尽,那么再缴纳费用让专利局继续审查是否可以呢?答案是肯定的。

  通过提交RCE请求并缴纳相应的费用,专利局的审查之门再次开启,申请人也可以再次修改权利要求书了。

  目前美国官方对提交RCE请求的次数没有限制,所以理论上只要申请人愿意,就可以通过不断请求RCE,使专利局一直审查下去。因此,美国并不存在类似于中国的驳回决定通知书这样的东西。

  通过了解以上这些内容就可以发现,中美两国专利审查制度仅在程序上就很不一样,对于Final OA,我们不仅要了解其含义,更重要的是要了解其相关法律法规,以及如何进行应对。

  (1)Final OA的答复期限

  Final OA答复的法定期限一般是发文日起3个月,同时在这一期限中,有一关键时间点——发文日起2个月。这里不得不提到另一种类的审查意见,即 Advisory Action(有译作“建议书”或“劝告书”,下称Advisory),由官方在申请人答复Final OA之后酌情发出,用于告知申请人其答复意见已被审查员考虑,但不能使专利申请授权,申请人可以请求复审(Appeal)或提出RCE请求。

  官方规定,如果申请人对Final OA的答复在2个月内递交,而审查员的Advisory在Final OA答复的法定期限后发出的,延期费从Advisory的发文日起算,否则从Final OA答复的法定期限起算。图1和图2反映了在不同时间段答复Final OA引起的区别。

  从上面两张图可以看到,虽然图2的答复(response)时间只比图1的答复时间晚了2天,并且Advisory发文日与图1相同,但由于延期费的起算日不同,延期费却多缴了1个月(官费200美金)!由此可以看到,在Final OA发文日起2个月内进行答复是非常重要的!

  那么,是不是只要在2个月内答复就可以了呢?应该说一般是这样的,但是如果你答复的时间晚,审查员的审查也相应延后,虽然大多数情况审查员会尽量在3个月法限内发出下一次官文,但不排除超期的情况。

  这时候,申请人无论进行后续何种动作都需要同时缴纳延期费。

  因此,南京华讯的建议是,对于Final OA,越早答复越好,既可以给审查员充分的考虑时间,即使答复不被接受,由于Advisory下来的早,申请人也有时间从容决定下一步如何进行。从下图3可以看到,尽早答复Final OA,可以争取到半个月乃至1个多月的Advisory答复时间(无延期费)。

  (2)Final OA的答复要求

  上面已经提到,Final OA意味着修改权利要求的窗口已经关闭。在答复Final OA时,申请人只能进行权利要求的删除,或者对权利要求进行修改以克服形式性问题,判断的标准是不能引起新的问题(raising new issue),可以使审查员不进行检索而对权利要求是否可以授权再加考虑。对于是否引起新的问题的判断,尺度的把握在于审查员,南京华讯既有Final阶段按照审查员的要求进行形式性修改而被拒绝的经历,也有主动修改被审查员接受的经历。

  一旦修改权利要求被审查员拒绝,对应的答复理由也当然不会被审查员考虑,所以,在Final阶段修改权利要求是风险极大的。

  南京华讯的建议是仅针对审查意见进行争辩,尽量不修改权利要求。

  (3)Final OA的应对方式

  通过上述介绍,也许有人会认为,既然Final 阶段无法修改权利要求,并且如果答复不被考虑可能面临延期,那么收到Final OA就直接提出RCE是否可以?在回答这一问题之前,我们首先需要了解RCE的相关规定,以及对于Final OA的其他应对方式。

  RCE的设置意在使审查员对未经审查的技术方案进行审查,因此,在提交RCE请求的同时提交的权利要求书至少有一项应该是新的,或者修改未被考虑的权利要求。如果只是将Final OA驳回的权利要求书不加修改递交上去,即使提了RCE,审查员也有权利再次发出Final OA。

  因此,申请人提交RCE请求应只针对需要修改权利要求的情况,也就是说对于目前权利要求无法获得授权这一问题审查员和申请人的意见一致。

  然而,还有一种情况是申请人和审查员对于目前权利要求能否获得授权的意见不一致,也就是申请人认为不进行修改的权利要求即具有专利性,这样的情况是不适合提交RCE的。

  针对这种情况,除了上面提到的答复Final OA,申请人还可以进行上诉(Appeal),或上诉前预审(Pre-Appeal),不同于答复Final OA时面对的仍是相同的审查员,Appeal和Pre-Appeal均有更高一级审查员参与,有点类似于中国的向复审委请求复审。由于是上诉前预审,Pre-Appeal要求申请人的答复意见不能超过5页。

  为加快审查进度,专利局也推出了一些实验项目,以允许申请人在不提出RCE时对权利要求进行有限度的修改,包括After Final Consideration Pilot (AFCP) 2.0及Post-Prosecution Pilot Program (P3)。请求这两个项目的专利申请均需在答复的同时对独立项进行限缩性修改,专利局允许审查员在一定时间(一般是4个小时)内对新的技术方案进行检索。

  但是,如果审查员认为该修改使其无法在有限时间内完成检索工作,其仍然有权不接受申请人的修改,此时申请人可继续提出RCE,以使修改被官方接受。AFCP可以看做是带修改的答复Final OA,其审查仍然是审查员独自进行的,而P3则可看做带修改的Pre-Appeal,其审查是由3人审查小组进行。另外,P3有可能需要进行口审。

  (4)关于费用方面

  Pre-Appeal及Appeal需缴纳官费800美元,而AFCP和P3则是不收费的。

  另外,AFCP是较为长期的项目,而P3只是短期实验项目,只持续到2017.1.12或请求超过1600件,在此之后官方是否会继续进行此项目并不确定。

  对上述提到的几种Final OA的应对方式可归纳如下:

  总之,对于Final OA的应对方式是多种多样的,应根据实际情况进行选择,如需修改权利要求可先尝试使用AFCP,并且答复Final OA应尽早进行,以为后续进行其他程序争取时间。

Electronic

Electronic Arts pledges free use for five accessibility patents

Electronic Arts pledges free use for five accessibility patents Recently, Electronic Arts (EA) announced a patent pledge that gives other companies and developers free access to five of its current accessibility-related patents and technology. The company promised not to enforce against any party for infringing any of the listed patents. Instead, EA hopes to encourage “innovation” and build new features that make video games more inclusive on a much larger scale by opening up the patents.  Electronic Arts (EA) is an American video game company founded in 1982. The company owns many popular and famous games, such as The Sims, SimCity, Apex Legends, Madden NFL and FIFA. Each of the games has more than 30 or 50 million sales volume. Significantly, esports involves FIFA and Apex Legends into the event list. Apex Legends has up to 1 billion players, and it is so popular that it has a Switch version. Within the freely available patents, one of which grabs everyone’s attention -- Apex Legends’ ping system (patent No. US 11097189). The ping system in Apex Legends, which excellently allows players to make communication and teamwork quick and easy without hearing or speaking, has been praised both as an impressive alternative to voice chat and as a great accessibility feature for players with a variety of disabilities.  The other patents include the technology widely used in the FIFA and Madden NFL. The innovations can automatically detect and modify colors (patent No. US 10118097 and CN 107694092) and contrast ratios (patent No. US 10878540) to improve gamers’ visibility with colorblindness and low vision. Furthermore, one of the patents relates to personalized sound technology, helping players with hearing issues by modifying or creating music based on their preferences (patent No. US 10790919).   The code of the mentioned technology is published on EA’s GitHub, and it is open to all developers. Thus, the developers can use it or adapt it for their games without spending the costs to research. It is good that EA shares the patents for free use and aims to create an accessibility-increased gaming environment for players. However, it is not “unconditional” to use the listed patents. In the pledge, EA mentioned that it may terminate the promise for a specific party which files a patent infringement lawsuit or other patent proceedings against EA. We can see parts of EV’s ambition behind the announcement—to build a large game developer league and a community of shared interests.     Reference: https://www.ea.com/commitments/positive-play/accessibility-patent-pledge https://iknow.stpi.narl.org.tw/Post/Read.aspx?PostID=14562 https://www.polygon.com/22639469/apex-legends-electronic-arts-patent-pledge-accessibility-developers https://www.theverge.com/2021/8/24/22638535/ea-accessibility-patent-pledge-apex-legends-ping-system https://www.gamesradar.com/ea-secures-a-patent-for-the-apex-legends-ping-system-and-its-giving-it-away-for-free/ https://dotesports.com/apex-legends/news/apex-legends-ping-system-is-now-patent-free-for-accessibility https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2021/08/apex_legends_ping_system_now_patent-free_as_ea_announces_accessibility_pledge Recently, Electronic Arts (EA) announced a patent pledge that gives other companies and developers free access to five of its current accessibility-related patents and technology. The company promised not to enforce against any party for infringing any of the listed patents. Instead, EA hopes to encourage “innovation” and build new features that make video games more inclusive on a much larger scale by opening up the patents.    Electronic Arts (EA) is an American video game company founded in 1982. The company owns many popular and famous games, such as The Sims, SimCity, Apex Legends, Madden NFL and FIFA. Each of the games has more than 30 or 50 million sales volume. Significantly, esports involves FIFA and Apex Legends into the event list. Apex Legends has up to 1 billion players, and it is so popular that it has a Switch version.   Within the freely available patents, one of which grabs everyone’s attention -- Apex Legends’ ping system (patent No. US 11097189). The ping system in Apex Legends, which excellently allows players to make communication and teamwork quick and easy without hearing or speaking, has been praised both as an impressive alternative to voice chat and as a great accessibility feature for players with a variety of disabilities.    The other patents include the technology widely used in the FIFA and Madden NFL. The innovations can automatically detect and modify colors (patent No. US 10118097 and CN 107694092) and contrast ratios (patent No. US 10878540) to improve gamers’ visibility with colorblindness and low vision. Furthermore, one of the patents relates to personalized sound technology, helping players with hearing issues by modifying or creating music based on their preferences (patent No. US 10790919).   The
2021-10-22
The

The forum on "China's Intellectual Property-related Reform Measures and New Trends in Patent Litigation" will be held successfully!

The forum on "China's Intellectual Property-related Reform Measures and New Trends in Patent Litigation" will be held successfully! In response to the call for building a strong country with intellectual property rights, at 2 o'clock in the afternoon of October 21, the forum on "China's reform measures related to intellectual property rights and new trends in patent litigation" will be successfully held in Nanjing Jiangbei New District Industrial Technology Research and Innovation Park. The event was hosted by the Science and Technology Innovation Bureau of Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Management Committee, Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Industrial Technology Research and Innovation Park, Nanjing Intellectual Property Rights Protection Assistance Center Jiangbei New District Center, Nanjing Huaxun Intellectual Property Consultant Co., Ltd., Nanjing Intellectual Property Co-organized by the Protection Center (Nanjing Intellectual Property Rights Protection Assistance Center), Taiwan Pharmaceutical Development Association, and Gene Online. The director of Nanjing Intellectual Property Protection Center, Mou Xiaojian, delivered a speech. Director Mu expressed his warm congratulations on the holding of this event and introduced in detail the new pattern of intellectual property protection in Nanjing. He said: At present, Nanjing has implemented a rights protection assistance network in the municipal area. With full coverage, Nanjing Intellectual Property Protection Center is willing to closely communicate and interact with Nanjing's innovation entities, and provide relevant public welfare services such as rapid pre-review, rapid rights protection, and comprehensive utilization for enterprises in need. In addition, Huang Funan, CEO of Gene Online, was unable to come to congratulate due to the epidemic, and recorded a congratulatory video. In the video, he said: China Innovative Pharmaceuticals has already made many outstanding achievements on the international stage, and these are inseparable from intellectual property rights. The support of the company can also show the importance of intellectual property rights to biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. This event invites four industry experts to focus on China's reform measures related to intellectual property rights and new trends in patent litigation, discuss with companies and universities, and make arrangements in advance. Dr. Qingchen Hou, general manager of Nanjing Huaxun Intellectual Property Consulting Co., Ltd., introduced the "Guidelines for Building a Powerful Country with Intellectual Property Rights (2021-2035)" and explained his views from four aspects: background, strategic layout, overall requirements, and organizational guarantees. . Subsequently, a detailed analysis of China's patent linkage system was carried out, and compared with the same types of cases at home and abroad, questions were raised: Why should we reward the first person who successfully challenged patents? Not the first person to file a P4 application? And have a series of discussions with you. Director Jiang Haijun of the Intellectual Property Protection Legal Committee of the Nanjing Lawyers Association gave a speech on three points: the problems after the amendment of the patent law, the enforceability of the amount of compensation, and the legal conflicts related to service inventions. Regarding the patent right evaluation report, he emphasized that the patentee, interested party or accused infringer can also proactively issue a patent right evaluation report. "Patent is a work of art that combines technology and law" is a message shared by Mr. Feng Tao from Jiangsu Junbo Law Firm at this event. Mr. Feng analyzes the big data of Chinese patent litigation cases through graphs and examples. Explore. The last topic of the event was shared by Guo Huangying, Intellectual Property Manager of Nanjing Huaxun Intellectual Property Agency (General Partnership)-China's Patent Infringement Judgment Principles and New Developments. Manager Guo explained to everyone the principles of patent infringement judgment and the necessity of patent infringement search and analysis before producing and selling products. In the intellectual property industry, ECCOM has been providing high-quality and professional comprehensive intellectual property services to enterprises and universities one step at a time. It also hopes that under the leadership of the state and the government, it will contribute to the building of a strong intellectual property nation in China. Make a contribution.
2021-10-22
Types

Types of patents that are easily overlooked- Design Patent

Types of patents that are easily overlooked- Design Patent In recent years, as the public’s awareness of intellectual property has increased, people have begun to consciously use the patent law to protect their intellectual property rights. However, in the process of implementation, they often only focus on invention patent and utility model patent, and tend to ignore the protection of design patent. Recently, Midea sued Haotaitai for two models of CXW-300-D998 and CXW-300-D908 Haotaitai brand range hoods In the case of suspected infringement of its design patent (patent number: ZL201930621598.X), the Guangzhou Intellectual Property Court made a first-instance judgment after hearing that it determined that the two products of Haotaitai constituted infringement, and ordered it to immediately stop the infringement and compensate Midea, The company's economic losses and reasonable expenses totaled 360,000 yuan. In fact, appearance infringement cases have occurred from time to time before, such as: "Molly" blind box design patent case, "Siemens" switch design patent infringement dispute case received a compensation of 6 million yuan, three Casio watch design patents were infringed Received a compensation of 8.8 million yuan and so on. The reason why people ignore the protection of design patents, in the final analysis, is that they have insufficient knowledge of design patents. Today, let's take a look at what is protected by design patents and what rights protections can we apply for? Design patent definition: Article 2 of the "Patent Law", design patent, refers to a new design that is aesthetically pleasing and suitable for industrial applications based on the shape, pattern, or combination of products, and the combination of color, shape, and pattern. Protected range: The shape of the product; the pattern of the product; the shape and pattern of the product; the shape and color of the product; the pattern and color of the product; the shape, pattern and color of the product. Protection period: The term of protection for design patent rights is 15 years, calculated from the date of filing. What are the conditions for applying for a design patent? The design should be aesthetically pleasing Appearance patents should be suitable for industrial applications The design patent application should be novel The design patent application should be inventiveness What are the advantages and functions of design patents? Protect the rights and interests of enterprises in product designs and fight against infringements in market competition. To enhance brand value, the quality and quantity of patents are the embodiment of the company's innovation ability and core competitiveness. Receive consumer recognition. If a company's new product appearance is filed for a patent in a timely manner, its appearance design will enjoy the exclusive right. Nowadays, consumers often choose products with trendy and beautiful appearance when buying their products. Applying for a design patent is a necessary condition for applying for a high-tech enterprise.
2021-09-26
Colopl

Colopl Settles Patent Infringement Lawsuit with Nintendo by Paying $30 Million

Colopl Settles Patent Infringement Lawsuit with Nintendo by Paying $30 Million   This August, Nintendo and a game developer Colopl announced that they have settled for patent infringement regarding White Cat Project (Shironeko Project in Japanese), a smartphone game developed by Colopl. Although both companies did not publicly share exact details of the settlement, at least it is sure that Colopl agreed to pay 3.3 billion yen (about US$30.2 million) as the settlement fee for the proceedings, including the future license of Nintendo's patents.    How did the battle begin?  Being developed and published by a Japanese game developer, Colopl, White Cat Project is a free-to-play action role-playing game for Android and iOS systems. The mobile game was launched in July 2014 as well as got a television anime adaptation in 2020. It is incredibly popular to have more than 50 million downloads. Furthermore, the game is set to receive a Switch version titled "Shironeko New Project".    In September 2016, Nintendo noted the Colopl's game and considered that the game had infringed on several of Nintendo's technology patents. The two companies communicated with each other for over a year; however, Nintendo did not accept the explanations from Colopl, and Nintendo filed a lawsuit against Colopl at the beginning of 2018.    Nintendo claimed that Colopl infringed 6 of its patents. These patents protect touch-screen joystick functionality (patent no. JP3734820), multiplayer connectivity (patent no. JP5595991, JP6271692), confirmation screens in sleep mode (patent no. JP4010533), character attacks based on touch input locations (patent no. JP4262217), and a shadow effect placed on characters hidden behind the game geometry (patent no. JP3637031).   These patents almost cover various ways of game technology, especially the patent  JP5595991 and JP6271692. Their patent family is wide-reaching, and many divisional applications of the family are pending in Japan. They protect a communication game system and its related devices. It is not easy to detect the patent's existence and boundary since this kind of hardcore technique is so common in the gaming field and our daily lives.     The five-year patent war has been settled.  After a five-year dispute, the situation appeared to turn in Nintendo's favor as the Switch maker increased its monetary demands, which convinced Colopl to strike a deal that lets it use the disputed patents. Furthermore, a Switch version of White Cat Project remains in the works at Colopl.    With the extraordinary losses of Colopl, the legal battle between the two companies came to an end.  
2021-09-09
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