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专利恢复期内,权利是否受到保护?

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  • Time of issue:2016-08-18 16:28
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(Summary description)众所周知,专利权保护是有期限的,视权利类型,有20年、10年两种,要持续获得保护,每年都要向国知局缴纳专利“保护费”(即年费)。但是据南京华讯统计,在国内真正能够交满年费寿终正寝的专利甚至不到总数的1%。  原因大体有三:  一、我国虽然是专利大国,每年新申请数量惊人,但有相当一部分是没有什么保护价值,为获得政府补助、申报高企等政策奖励生造出来凑数的,这些政策尤见于专利欠发达但成长中地区;  二、

专利恢复期内,权利是否受到保护?

(Summary description)众所周知,专利权保护是有期限的,视权利类型,有20年、10年两种,要持续获得保护,每年都要向国知局缴纳专利“保护费”(即年费)。但是据南京华讯统计,在国内真正能够交满年费寿终正寝的专利甚至不到总数的1%。  原因大体有三:  一、我国虽然是专利大国,每年新申请数量惊人,但有相当一部分是没有什么保护价值,为获得政府补助、申报高企等政策奖励生造出来凑数的,这些政策尤见于专利欠发达但成长中地区;  二、

  • Categories:最新消息
  • Author:
  • Origin:
  • Time of issue:2016-08-18 16:28
  • Views:
Information

  众所周知,专利权保护是有期限的,视权利类型,有20年、10年两种,要持续获得保护,每年都要向国知局缴纳专利“保护费”(即年费)。但是据南京华讯统计,在国内真正能够交满年费寿终正寝的专利甚至不到总数的1%。

  原因大体有三:

  一、我国虽然是专利大国,每年新申请数量惊人,但有相当一部分是没有什么保护价值,为获得政府补助、申报高企等政策奖励生造出来凑数的,这些政策尤见于专利欠发达但成长中地区;

  二、专利技术有其商业生命期,一些技术诞生时很新颖,但市场发展几年之后渐渐落伍遭弃,失去继续保护的必要,比如传统的低压汞灯(荧光灯)、键盘手机,已几乎全部被更节能耐用的LED灯和功能强大的智能触屏手机代替;

  三、专利年费逐年递增,越往后保护成本越高。这是专利制度有意设计的,督促权利人权衡利弊,尽早将专利技术贡献出去,造福人类。

  因为上面提到的和没提到的种种原因,99%专利权期满前就终止了。这其中,除了很小部分是权利人主动放弃捐献给社会,大多数是因为中途没交保护费终止。这些不缴费的,多数是决心赴死,不打算要了的低价值或过时专利,还有一些是有特殊情况、不可抗力或不小心忘了交错过期限的。

  专利法为此设计了两层防护,来挽救这些仍有价值的专利。

  一、滞纳期

  专利权人未按时缴纳年费,或缴纳数额不足,可在年费期满日起六个月内补缴年费,同时缴纳一定的滞纳金。滞纳金数额视补缴的时间,从免费到全额年费的25%不等,越晚交费用越高。在这年费期满后的6个月内,不论是否及时足额缴纳年费和滞纳金,专利权仍处于正常有效状态。

  若在六个月滞纳期内仍未补缴,那对不起,专利权终止。滞纳期满两个月后国知局会发出专利权终止通知书(实务中并非严格适用,一般是滞纳期满一个月后即会发出),载明专利权自应缴年费期满之日起终止。权利人未成功启动恢复程序的,专利局会在终止通知书发出后四个月,在专利公报上公告专利权失效。

  二、权利恢复

  权利人有正当理由或遭遇不可抗力,导致其权利丧失的,可以在一定期限内向国知局请求恢复权利,通常情况,这个期限是收到专利权终止通知书两个月内。在缴纳足够的费用(恢复请求费,以及拖欠的年费和滞纳金),并且手续审查合格后,国知局会准予恢复权利,并发出恢复权利请求审批通知书。对已公告过专利权终止的,还会在专利公报上公告恢复权利的决定。

  二、实务中的困惑

  可见,申请恢复专利权时,会存在以下两种情况:

  一、国知局尚未发出专利权终止通知书,权利人就已经申请恢复;

  二、专利权终止通知书发出后,权利人申请恢复。

  第一种情况下,由于终止通知书并未发出,专利权还没有正式终止,暂且不论;

  第二种情况,终止通知书已发,在恢复之前,专利权的法律状态是已于应缴纳年费期满日终止。在终止日和权利恢复手续办理完成之间,有一个空档期,若之后专利权被依法恢复,那这个空档期内专利权是否暂时丧失保护?侵权行为能否被制裁?

  这个问题可以进一步拆分:

  一、专利权终止日是否即专利失效、丧失保护日?

  二、专利权恢复的日期是权利恢复通知书的发文日,还是溯及至专利权终止日?

  实务中,专利权终止通知书会载明专利权终止的日期(年费缴纳期满日),但恢复权利通知书仅记载了发文日、国知局发出专利权终止通知书的日期和权利人提出恢复请求的日期,回避了专利权自哪一天恢复这个问题,让人对这个空档期如何处理有点不知所措。

  三、稀少的判例

  这些问题是法律规定的空白,并没有官方标准答案可寻。可能因为这种情形较为少见,能检索到的裁判文书数量并不多,其中多数判例倾向支持侵权成立,但对侵权发生时专利权的法律状态一笔带过,未给出评价,仅有个别判例对这种情形做了有意义的探索。其中有法院认为,公众可以通过查询专利登记薄的记载知道专利权虽终止,但尚处于恢复期内,因此只有权利人未成功启动恢复程序,专利权终止才属于“不可恢复的终止”,在国知局公告失效后,专利的终止才算正式生效。若权利人成功恢复,那么专利权的终止便不生效,专利保护也不存在空档期。还有个别相反案例认为,国知局发出专利权终止通知书,就意味着专利权就自年费缴纳期满日终止,这段时间权利基础已丧失,自然就谈不上侵权。

  四、沉寂的讨论稿

  2003年,最高法关于审理专利侵权纠纷案件若干问题的规定曾有个讨论稿,其中第四十九条对专利权丧失又恢复时他人是否有使用权表达了意见:“专利权在丧失后又恢复的,在权利丧失期间,他人实施该专利的,不构成对专利权的侵犯,但他人的行为系在专利权丧失前的侵权行为的继续的,人民法院仍应当认定其构成专利侵权。

  在专利权丧失期间,他人开始制造相同产品、使用相同方法或者已经作好制造、使用的必要准备,并且在专利权恢复后仅在原有范围内继续制造、使用的,不视为侵犯专利权,但行为人有恶意的,人民法院仍应当认定其构成专利侵权。

  依照前款规定具有使用权的人无权许可他人或者向他人转让其实施的技术或者外观设计,除非连同其企业整体转让或者被承继。”

  可见,最高法曾经对这个问题详细考虑过,并一度倾向于支持空档期的存在,但最终并未在2009年发布的正式司法解释中保留这一条款,而是选择了留白不表,这意味着最高法经过利益权衡后对这个问题还是采取了一个模棱两可的姿态。

  五、个人的探索

  (注意,以下内容仅代表作者个人意见。)

  关于专利权终止日期的问题,我国专利法中,规定了专利权的产生以登记公告为准,但并未规定专利权终止也是如此。三种终止中,期满终止,专利权的效力期间是固定的20年或10年;权利人主动放弃的终止,专利权自手续合格通知书的发文日起终止;未缴年费的终止,专利权自应当缴纳年费期满之日起终止。三者都会按公告程序公之于众。

  国知局发出的正式文件,在法律对其生效没有特别规定的情况下,自发出日就应当具有确定的法律效力,这不仅对当事人,也是对公众的信赖保护(专利的程序性法律文件,多数都是可公开查询的)。随后的公告程序,是将专利权法律状态对公众的宣示,是一个必经的后置程序,法律没有规定公告属于生效要件的情况下,公告并非决定已发出的正式文件效力的程序。在三种专利权终止情形中,专利法、细则、审查指南均未规定终止的效力与公告相关,相反,其中明确规定欠费终止的日期是“应当缴纳年费期满之日”。因此,在国知局已正式发出载明了终止日期的专利权终止通知书的情况下,可以认为专利权的效力自该日终止。

  权利恢复能否溯及至专利权终止日?这是个争议更大的问题,不仅法律和规章中没有规定,有过专利代理实务经验的朋友知道,那仅有寥寥数语的权利恢复通知书留给人的只有无尽的困惑。

  原因是其背后存在权利人和社会公众利益的博弈,无论这个答案选择“是”或“否”,都各有利弊。

  “是”的利弊:

  恢复期内的侵权将得到制裁,专利权受到无死角的保护,恶意侵权人失去投机空间;但“眼前的终止,不是终止”,专利权处于不稳定状态,随时可能诈尸复活;公众对专利程序文件及登记薄副本的信赖将遭到破坏;权利人过于依赖恢复程序,怠于及时缴费,导致权利恢复的条件标准提高,用来制衡;国知局将增加许多程序工作上的负担,致使整体专利工作效率被拉低。

  “否”的利弊:

  为避免陷入权利恢复的不利局面,真正有价值的专利会积极缴纳年费;垃圾专利和有价专利更易区分;国知局权利恢复程序的工作量会下降,有更多的资源分配至其他事务,略微提高效率,但恶意侵权人会很开心;专利代理机构年费管理的风险及收费提高;会出现帮助他人“钻空挡”的灰色产业;国知局的专利法律状态查询页面会长期保持高访问量,增加维护成本和崩溃风险;专利登记簿副本事务更加繁忙;会产生更多关于侵权行为发生的时间段的争点,导致专利诉讼中司法审查的工作量增加,审判效率下降。

  此外,不确定性因素增加致使专利诉讼业务难度提高导致律师流向其他专业领域包括但不限于入侵乳熊所属的建设工程领域抢蛋糕,乳熊会不开心。

  所以,权衡利弊,很难说二者谁更优秀,第一种更重视对专利权的保护,第二种竞争更活跃,更符合市场的特点。也许是当年讨论这事的时候中国还没能准备好全面大步迈向市场经济,这可能也是最高法在正式解释中删去了这已讨论定稿的结论的原因之一。

  在个案中,根据代理立场不同,律师有不同的应对策略。若想让裁判者支持专利权人,可尝试从以下方面整理脑洞:

  强调欠费终止的与众不同,公告程序的重要;

  阐述专利登记薄副本中载明了专利权处于恢复期的法律状态,据此说明公众可以很容易的了解到专利权存在恢复的可能性,从而证明在此期间实施侵权行为具有投机性和主观恶意;

  说服裁判者权利恢复程序可以溯及至专利权终止日,专利权的设立有严格的法律程序,若认可空档期的存在,则专利权终止后经过恢复的“重生”属于新设的专利,自然也应当符合相应的法律程序,像这样自顾自的复活显然不合规矩。以归谬法来证明空档期不应存在的观点;

  描绘对社会效果的积极影响及相反判决对社会效果的不利影响。

  若代理侵权人方,可以:

  强调法律明确规定自年费期满日起专利权终止;

  阐述权利人怠于履行法定缴费义务致使权利被终止,是咎由自取替天行道;

  说服裁判者专利权自恢复通知书发文日恢复,审查指南中规定的通知、决定生效时间很多都是发文日,权利恢复通知书可参照类比,若恢复溯及至权利终止日,行为人基于对实施行为当时公开的专利权法律状态的信赖所实施的“侵权”行为得到不利认定,致使这种信赖受到破坏,从而动摇专利制度的根基;

  描绘对社会效果的积极影响及相反判决对社会效果的不利影响。

  结语

  在这些争议地带,南京华讯美国专利专家认为有时没有必要去追求一个确定的结论,那是学者的工作;更不要去迷信那些林林总总的判例,哪怕是最高法作出的,哪怕代表着绝对优势的观点,只要没上指导案例,都仅是参考而已。在这种法律盲区,恰恰是凸显律师作用的时候。律师天然的站有立场,如何在每个个案中,引导裁判者的倾向,极大考验着律师的智慧和说服能力,但成功的回报也是丰厚的。毕竟,做律师最爽的不就是看到自己精心准备、据理力争、呕心沥血的观点被裁判支持的那一刻吗。

Electronic

Electronic Arts pledges free use for five accessibility patents

Electronic Arts pledges free use for five accessibility patents Recently, Electronic Arts (EA) announced a patent pledge that gives other companies and developers free access to five of its current accessibility-related patents and technology. The company promised not to enforce against any party for infringing any of the listed patents. Instead, EA hopes to encourage “innovation” and build new features that make video games more inclusive on a much larger scale by opening up the patents.  Electronic Arts (EA) is an American video game company founded in 1982. The company owns many popular and famous games, such as The Sims, SimCity, Apex Legends, Madden NFL and FIFA. Each of the games has more than 30 or 50 million sales volume. Significantly, esports involves FIFA and Apex Legends into the event list. Apex Legends has up to 1 billion players, and it is so popular that it has a Switch version. Within the freely available patents, one of which grabs everyone’s attention -- Apex Legends’ ping system (patent No. US 11097189). The ping system in Apex Legends, which excellently allows players to make communication and teamwork quick and easy without hearing or speaking, has been praised both as an impressive alternative to voice chat and as a great accessibility feature for players with a variety of disabilities.  The other patents include the technology widely used in the FIFA and Madden NFL. The innovations can automatically detect and modify colors (patent No. US 10118097 and CN 107694092) and contrast ratios (patent No. US 10878540) to improve gamers’ visibility with colorblindness and low vision. Furthermore, one of the patents relates to personalized sound technology, helping players with hearing issues by modifying or creating music based on their preferences (patent No. US 10790919).   The code of the mentioned technology is published on EA’s GitHub, and it is open to all developers. Thus, the developers can use it or adapt it for their games without spending the costs to research. It is good that EA shares the patents for free use and aims to create an accessibility-increased gaming environment for players. However, it is not “unconditional” to use the listed patents. In the pledge, EA mentioned that it may terminate the promise for a specific party which files a patent infringement lawsuit or other patent proceedings against EA. We can see parts of EV’s ambition behind the announcement—to build a large game developer league and a community of shared interests.     Reference: https://www.ea.com/commitments/positive-play/accessibility-patent-pledge https://iknow.stpi.narl.org.tw/Post/Read.aspx?PostID=14562 https://www.polygon.com/22639469/apex-legends-electronic-arts-patent-pledge-accessibility-developers https://www.theverge.com/2021/8/24/22638535/ea-accessibility-patent-pledge-apex-legends-ping-system https://www.gamesradar.com/ea-secures-a-patent-for-the-apex-legends-ping-system-and-its-giving-it-away-for-free/ https://dotesports.com/apex-legends/news/apex-legends-ping-system-is-now-patent-free-for-accessibility https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2021/08/apex_legends_ping_system_now_patent-free_as_ea_announces_accessibility_pledge Recently, Electronic Arts (EA) announced a patent pledge that gives other companies and developers free access to five of its current accessibility-related patents and technology. The company promised not to enforce against any party for infringing any of the listed patents. Instead, EA hopes to encourage “innovation” and build new features that make video games more inclusive on a much larger scale by opening up the patents.    Electronic Arts (EA) is an American video game company founded in 1982. The company owns many popular and famous games, such as The Sims, SimCity, Apex Legends, Madden NFL and FIFA. Each of the games has more than 30 or 50 million sales volume. Significantly, esports involves FIFA and Apex Legends into the event list. Apex Legends has up to 1 billion players, and it is so popular that it has a Switch version.   Within the freely available patents, one of which grabs everyone’s attention -- Apex Legends’ ping system (patent No. US 11097189). The ping system in Apex Legends, which excellently allows players to make communication and teamwork quick and easy without hearing or speaking, has been praised both as an impressive alternative to voice chat and as a great accessibility feature for players with a variety of disabilities.    The other patents include the technology widely used in the FIFA and Madden NFL. The innovations can automatically detect and modify colors (patent No. US 10118097 and CN 107694092) and contrast ratios (patent No. US 10878540) to improve gamers’ visibility with colorblindness and low vision. Furthermore, one of the patents relates to personalized sound technology, helping players with hearing issues by modifying or creating music based on their preferences (patent No. US 10790919).   The
2021-10-22
The

The forum on "China's Intellectual Property-related Reform Measures and New Trends in Patent Litigation" will be held successfully!

The forum on "China's Intellectual Property-related Reform Measures and New Trends in Patent Litigation" will be held successfully! In response to the call for building a strong country with intellectual property rights, at 2 o'clock in the afternoon of October 21, the forum on "China's reform measures related to intellectual property rights and new trends in patent litigation" will be successfully held in Nanjing Jiangbei New District Industrial Technology Research and Innovation Park. The event was hosted by the Science and Technology Innovation Bureau of Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Management Committee, Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Industrial Technology Research and Innovation Park, Nanjing Intellectual Property Rights Protection Assistance Center Jiangbei New District Center, Nanjing Huaxun Intellectual Property Consultant Co., Ltd., Nanjing Intellectual Property Co-organized by the Protection Center (Nanjing Intellectual Property Rights Protection Assistance Center), Taiwan Pharmaceutical Development Association, and Gene Online. The director of Nanjing Intellectual Property Protection Center, Mou Xiaojian, delivered a speech. Director Mu expressed his warm congratulations on the holding of this event and introduced in detail the new pattern of intellectual property protection in Nanjing. He said: At present, Nanjing has implemented a rights protection assistance network in the municipal area. With full coverage, Nanjing Intellectual Property Protection Center is willing to closely communicate and interact with Nanjing's innovation entities, and provide relevant public welfare services such as rapid pre-review, rapid rights protection, and comprehensive utilization for enterprises in need. In addition, Huang Funan, CEO of Gene Online, was unable to come to congratulate due to the epidemic, and recorded a congratulatory video. In the video, he said: China Innovative Pharmaceuticals has already made many outstanding achievements on the international stage, and these are inseparable from intellectual property rights. The support of the company can also show the importance of intellectual property rights to biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. This event invites four industry experts to focus on China's reform measures related to intellectual property rights and new trends in patent litigation, discuss with companies and universities, and make arrangements in advance. Dr. Qingchen Hou, general manager of Nanjing Huaxun Intellectual Property Consulting Co., Ltd., introduced the "Guidelines for Building a Powerful Country with Intellectual Property Rights (2021-2035)" and explained his views from four aspects: background, strategic layout, overall requirements, and organizational guarantees. . Subsequently, a detailed analysis of China's patent linkage system was carried out, and compared with the same types of cases at home and abroad, questions were raised: Why should we reward the first person who successfully challenged patents? Not the first person to file a P4 application? And have a series of discussions with you. Director Jiang Haijun of the Intellectual Property Protection Legal Committee of the Nanjing Lawyers Association gave a speech on three points: the problems after the amendment of the patent law, the enforceability of the amount of compensation, and the legal conflicts related to service inventions. Regarding the patent right evaluation report, he emphasized that the patentee, interested party or accused infringer can also proactively issue a patent right evaluation report. "Patent is a work of art that combines technology and law" is a message shared by Mr. Feng Tao from Jiangsu Junbo Law Firm at this event. Mr. Feng analyzes the big data of Chinese patent litigation cases through graphs and examples. Explore. The last topic of the event was shared by Guo Huangying, Intellectual Property Manager of Nanjing Huaxun Intellectual Property Agency (General Partnership)-China's Patent Infringement Judgment Principles and New Developments. Manager Guo explained to everyone the principles of patent infringement judgment and the necessity of patent infringement search and analysis before producing and selling products. In the intellectual property industry, ECCOM has been providing high-quality and professional comprehensive intellectual property services to enterprises and universities one step at a time. It also hopes that under the leadership of the state and the government, it will contribute to the building of a strong intellectual property nation in China. Make a contribution.
2021-10-22
Types

Types of patents that are easily overlooked- Design Patent

Types of patents that are easily overlooked- Design Patent In recent years, as the public’s awareness of intellectual property has increased, people have begun to consciously use the patent law to protect their intellectual property rights. However, in the process of implementation, they often only focus on invention patent and utility model patent, and tend to ignore the protection of design patent. Recently, Midea sued Haotaitai for two models of CXW-300-D998 and CXW-300-D908 Haotaitai brand range hoods In the case of suspected infringement of its design patent (patent number: ZL201930621598.X), the Guangzhou Intellectual Property Court made a first-instance judgment after hearing that it determined that the two products of Haotaitai constituted infringement, and ordered it to immediately stop the infringement and compensate Midea, The company's economic losses and reasonable expenses totaled 360,000 yuan. In fact, appearance infringement cases have occurred from time to time before, such as: "Molly" blind box design patent case, "Siemens" switch design patent infringement dispute case received a compensation of 6 million yuan, three Casio watch design patents were infringed Received a compensation of 8.8 million yuan and so on. The reason why people ignore the protection of design patents, in the final analysis, is that they have insufficient knowledge of design patents. Today, let's take a look at what is protected by design patents and what rights protections can we apply for? Design patent definition: Article 2 of the "Patent Law", design patent, refers to a new design that is aesthetically pleasing and suitable for industrial applications based on the shape, pattern, or combination of products, and the combination of color, shape, and pattern. Protected range: The shape of the product; the pattern of the product; the shape and pattern of the product; the shape and color of the product; the pattern and color of the product; the shape, pattern and color of the product. Protection period: The term of protection for design patent rights is 15 years, calculated from the date of filing. What are the conditions for applying for a design patent? The design should be aesthetically pleasing Appearance patents should be suitable for industrial applications The design patent application should be novel The design patent application should be inventiveness What are the advantages and functions of design patents? Protect the rights and interests of enterprises in product designs and fight against infringements in market competition. To enhance brand value, the quality and quantity of patents are the embodiment of the company's innovation ability and core competitiveness. Receive consumer recognition. If a company's new product appearance is filed for a patent in a timely manner, its appearance design will enjoy the exclusive right. Nowadays, consumers often choose products with trendy and beautiful appearance when buying their products. Applying for a design patent is a necessary condition for applying for a high-tech enterprise.
2021-09-26
Colopl

Colopl Settles Patent Infringement Lawsuit with Nintendo by Paying $30 Million

Colopl Settles Patent Infringement Lawsuit with Nintendo by Paying $30 Million   This August, Nintendo and a game developer Colopl announced that they have settled for patent infringement regarding White Cat Project (Shironeko Project in Japanese), a smartphone game developed by Colopl. Although both companies did not publicly share exact details of the settlement, at least it is sure that Colopl agreed to pay 3.3 billion yen (about US$30.2 million) as the settlement fee for the proceedings, including the future license of Nintendo's patents.    How did the battle begin?  Being developed and published by a Japanese game developer, Colopl, White Cat Project is a free-to-play action role-playing game for Android and iOS systems. The mobile game was launched in July 2014 as well as got a television anime adaptation in 2020. It is incredibly popular to have more than 50 million downloads. Furthermore, the game is set to receive a Switch version titled "Shironeko New Project".    In September 2016, Nintendo noted the Colopl's game and considered that the game had infringed on several of Nintendo's technology patents. The two companies communicated with each other for over a year; however, Nintendo did not accept the explanations from Colopl, and Nintendo filed a lawsuit against Colopl at the beginning of 2018.    Nintendo claimed that Colopl infringed 6 of its patents. These patents protect touch-screen joystick functionality (patent no. JP3734820), multiplayer connectivity (patent no. JP5595991, JP6271692), confirmation screens in sleep mode (patent no. JP4010533), character attacks based on touch input locations (patent no. JP4262217), and a shadow effect placed on characters hidden behind the game geometry (patent no. JP3637031).   These patents almost cover various ways of game technology, especially the patent  JP5595991 and JP6271692. Their patent family is wide-reaching, and many divisional applications of the family are pending in Japan. They protect a communication game system and its related devices. It is not easy to detect the patent's existence and boundary since this kind of hardcore technique is so common in the gaming field and our daily lives.     The five-year patent war has been settled.  After a five-year dispute, the situation appeared to turn in Nintendo's favor as the Switch maker increased its monetary demands, which convinced Colopl to strike a deal that lets it use the disputed patents. Furthermore, a Switch version of White Cat Project remains in the works at Colopl.    With the extraordinary losses of Colopl, the legal battle between the two companies came to an end.  
2021-09-09
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