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药品杂质专利那些事

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(Summary description)药品杂质,无论对于原研药厂还是仿制药厂,都是必须要面对的问题,绕不开又躲不了。相应的,涉及药品杂质的专利,也是药品专利布局网中重要的一环。一般来说,对杂质的专利保护形式主要可分为以下三种:化合物专利形式、组合物专利形式以及用途专利形式。1.化合物专利形式通常这种专利保护形式要求直接保护杂质化合物本身的结构。从表面上看,该形式应该是保护范围最广的一种杂质的专利保护形式,但同时也是对其是否应被授予专利

药品杂质专利那些事

(Summary description)药品杂质,无论对于原研药厂还是仿制药厂,都是必须要面对的问题,绕不开又躲不了。相应的,涉及药品杂质的专利,也是药品专利布局网中重要的一环。一般来说,对杂质的专利保护形式主要可分为以下三种:化合物专利形式、组合物专利形式以及用途专利形式。1.化合物专利形式通常这种专利保护形式要求直接保护杂质化合物本身的结构。从表面上看,该形式应该是保护范围最广的一种杂质的专利保护形式,但同时也是对其是否应被授予专利

  • Categories:最新消息
  • Author:
  • Origin:
  • Time of issue:2018-05-29 10:03
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药品杂质,无论对于原研药厂还是仿制药厂,都是必须要面对的问题,绕不开又躲不了。相应的,涉及药品杂质的专利,也是药品专利布局网中重要的一环。一般来说,对杂质的专利保护形式主要可分为以下三种:化合物专利形式、组合物专利形式以及用途专利形式。

1. 化合物专利形式

通常这种专利保护形式要求直接保护杂质化合物本身的结构。从表面上看,该形式应该是保护范围最广的一种杂质的专利保护形式,但同时也是对其是否应被授予专利权争议最大的一种专利保护形式。

由于客体以及新颖性的问题,这种保护形式在美国是不可行的,但是基于中国目前的法律规定,如果杂质本身具有新的活性或者该杂质本身难于被发现/鉴定的情况下,是可以考虑以这种保护形式来保护杂质。

下文会以四环医药与齐鲁制药争议中涉案专利ZL200910176994.1为例,具体讨论下杂质的化合物专利形式的可授权性、保护范围以及抗辩理由。

 

2. 组合物专利形式

通常这种专利保护形式要求保护一种药物组合物,其包括一定含量以下(例如0.2%以下)的杂质化合物及其它物质(例如活性物质等)。这类专利形式在美国是较为常用的,但是在中国如何能克服创造性问题,也是需要仔细思考的问题。

一般而言,如果该杂质是现有技术中已知的,那么组合物专利形式通常不具备创造性;如果该杂质在现有技术中是未知的,但是专利申请中并未公开该杂质的任何特别性质(例如毒性)或者并未采取任何特别的措施来控制该杂质的含量,那么组合物专利形式通常也不具备创造性。值得强调的是,如果该等组合物并非是普通剂型,而是需要复杂制备工艺控制的高新剂型(例如脂质体、乳剂或者纳米颗粒),那么考虑到控制杂质的复杂性,用组合物专利形式保护杂质可能更易于争辩创造性,从而也更容易获得授权。

 

3. 用途专利形式

通常这种专利形式要求保护杂质作为对照品/用于质控的用途。由于中国证据披露制度的不完善,这种保护形式的保护力度通常比较乏力。但是对于原研产品或者中国独家产品,相应企业可以利用对产品标准(例如检测指标)的话语权,使得这类用途专利变得非常具有排他性。

同样的,下文会以涉案专利ZL200910176994.1为例,具体讨论下杂质的用途专利形式的可授权性。

 

四环医药v.s.齐鲁制药,马来酸桂哌齐特的专利之争

马来酸桂哌齐特注射液是法国狄朗的原研产品,其于1992年获准进口中国,但并未大规模进行销售。

四环医药于20024月获准在中国生产马来酸桂哌齐特注射液,并且直至2015年一直是该产品在中国的唯一供应商。根据四环医药年报显示,其2016年总营收为31.86亿元,而马来酸桂哌齐特单个品种的营收占比就超过了15%(约5亿元),为了阻止其它药企对公司核心产品的窥视,四环医药采用了变更药品标准以及申请外围专利(例如晶体以及杂质相关专利)等多种手段。

面对高达数亿元的产品市场,国内有多家企业针对该产品进行了申报并且随后获得了批准,其中就包括齐鲁制药。自2015年齐鲁制药该产品获批上市之后,四环医药同齐鲁制药就围绕着马来酸桂哌齐特注射液展开了多轮交锋,侵权诉讼、不正当竞争之诉、无效以及行政诉讼此起彼伏,就不在此赘述了。

 

涉案专利ZL200910176994.1的基本情况

涉案专利的发明名称为“桂哌齐特氮氧化物、其制备方法和用途”,专利号为200910176994.1,优先权日为20090817日,申请日为20090929日,授权公告日为20110601日。该专利共有17个权利要求,其中权利要求1要求保护杂质化合物本身,权利要求2-14要求保护杂质化合物的制备方法,权利要求15要求保护该杂质用作标准品或对照品的应用,权利要求16要求保护包括杂质的杀虫剂组合物,而权利要求17要求保护杂质或者杀虫组合物用于制备杀虫剂中的应用,这一个专利实际上涵盖了两种杂质的专利保护方式,即化合物专利形式(权利要求1)以及用途专利形式(权利要求15)。

齐鲁制药曾分别于2015年和2016年提起了两次无效请求,但是并未获得成功。涉案专利经历了无效以及诉讼过程,以下抽出一些相关的问题来讨论:

 

1. 杂质化合物本身是否属于可授予专利权的客体

有人认为,杂质本身属于科学发现,因此不属于可授权的客体。但真的是如此吗?

首先,审查指南在第2部分第1章第4.1节对科学发现进行了论述,将自然界中客观存在的物质、现象、变化过程及其特性和规律的揭示排除在了可授权客体之外。但是笔者认为,该规定仅仅是排除了“发现”本身,但是在发现的基础上进一步产生的发明,是属于可授权专利权的客体。以杂质化合物为例,单纯的从客观存在中发现了杂质化合物的存在,可能属于科学发现,但是如果进一步发现了该杂质的其它性质(例如治疗活性或者毒性)从而使其能够在产业上应用,那么就使得杂质化合物本身成为了发明,从而属于授予专利权的客体。

其次,在指南中专门针对化合物的部分,仅仅特别排除了两种不授予专利权的客体,即天然物质以及物质的医药用途。因此,对于杂质化合物(作为化合物的下位概念),如果认为杂质化合物不属于天然物质,那么就属于可授予专利权的客体,因为其不属于在化合物部分特别被排除的不授予专利权的两种客体中的任何一种;如果认为杂质化合物属于天然物质,那么也会由于其“结构、形态或者其他物理化学参数是现有技术中不曾认识的,并能被确切地表征,且在产业上有利用价值”而属于授权的客体。

因此,在发现了杂质的其它性质(例如治疗活性或者毒性)的情况下,杂质本身应属于可授予专利权的客体。

 

2. 杂质化合物专利的新颖性

客观存在的但是尚未被认识到的杂质化合物是否能破坏杂质化合物专利的新颖性,这也是涉案专利的主要争议点之一。基于目前有效的规定,上述情况并不足以破坏杂质化合物专利的新颖性。

从指南对新颖性的总体规定第2部分第3章第2.1对现有技术的认定来看,新颖性是指该发明或者实用新型不属于现有技术也不属于抵触申请中公开的内容,而现有技术应当是在申请日以前公众能够得知的技术内容。由于该杂质化合物尚未被认识到,因此其并不属于现有技术(不考虑抵触申请的情况),所以具有新颖性。

具体到指南第2部分第1章第5.1节对化合物新颖性的具体规定来看,要破坏化合物的新颖性,现有技术对化合物的公开程度需要满足一定的要求,即要明确定义或者说明了该化合物的化学名称、分子式(或结构式)、理化参数或制备方法(包括原料)。基于上述规定,由于现有技术的公开程度并未达到上述要求,因此,基于该规定,杂质化合物同样具有新颖性。至于指南在随后的第2小点和第3小点所特别强调的不破坏新颖性的情况(即通式化合物以及天然物质不破坏新颖性),由于其仅是不破坏新颖性的两种特别的例子,因此无论杂质化合物是否属于这两种情况,均不影响其是否具有新颖性。

另一个关于杂质化合物的新颖性问题,就是是否应适用推定新颖性。推定新颖性,实际上是在审查过程中用不完全满足破坏新颖性条件的现有技术来挑战专利申请的新颖性,而将证明专利申请与现有技术不同的举证责任推给了申请人的一种变通手段。因此,应慎重适用推定新颖性,并且该等适用应有明确的法律基础。目前对于化学领域,审查指南仅仅规定了用物理化学参数或者用制备方法表征的化学产品可以适用推定新颖性,而且并未明确在无效阶段是否可以适用。

综上,基于中国现行有效的规定,客观存在但是尚未被认识到的杂质化合物,应当是具有新颖性的。

 

3. 杂质化合物专利的创造性

通常而言,杂质化合物与活性化合物(属于现有技术)之间的结构比较类似,因此杂质化合物能否具有创造性的关键就在于其是否相对于现有技术产生了意想不到的技术效果。

如果杂质化合物产生了与活性化合物不同类型的活性,那么一般能够认可该等活性是意想不到的,从而认可杂质化合物专利的创造性。但是如果杂质化合物产生了与活性化合物相同类型的活性或者产生了常见的毒性,那么由于本领域技术人员对杂质化合物的该等活性/毒性有一定的预期,因此被认可为意想不到的技术效果的困难较大。

因此,基于中国现行有效的规定,如果杂质化合物产生了意想不到的技术效果,其就应当具有创造性。

 

4.杂质化合物专利的保护范围

通常而言,化合物专利的保护范围覆盖所有包含该等化合物的组合物。但是考虑到杂质化合物的特殊性,特别是考虑到现有技术中已经客观存在了包括该等杂质化合物的组合物的情况下,应当对杂质化合物专利的保护范围进行限缩解释。

如前文所述,基于中国目前的规定,即使现有技术中已经客观存在了包括该等杂质化合物的组合物,在某些情况下(例如杂质化合物本身产生了意想不到的技术效果),杂质化合物本身也能够获得专利权。

那么问题就来了,如果将杂质化合物专利的保护范围同样解释为覆盖所有包括该等杂质化合物的组合物,则在后申请的专利就覆盖了现有技术中的内容,这显然是不合理的。如果有切实的证据证明,该杂质必然存在于现有技术的组合物中(例如专利权人四环医药在另一篇专利中自己承认了该杂质是不可避免地以有害杂质存在于桂哌齐特及其制剂中),那么在这种情况下,杂质化合物专利的保护范围似乎被解释为不覆盖现有技术中的桂哌齐特注射剂应该更加合理。由于内蒙古高院已经是终审判决,所以下面就要看最高院是否会接受再审请求以及再审的情况,让我们拭目以待,看看最高院是否会对杂质化合物专利的保护范围进行限缩解释。

但是,即使是在这种情况下,齐鲁制药还可能会侵犯杂质化合物专利,因为根据标准的要求,还需要购买该杂质的纯品作为对照品,并且要用该等杂质作为对照品进行质控。因此,如果齐鲁制药希望完全不受杂质化合物专利的影响,可能还需要开发不使用杂质纯品的质控方法。

 

5.对于杂质化合物专利,禁令该给不该给

通常情况下,在判定专利侵权的同时,法院会给予禁令,禁止被告继续实施涉案专利,但是对于杂质化合物专利,由于被告实际上并不希望(只不过无法避免)涉案产品包括杂质,而且涉案产品包括该等杂质也没有产生任何有益的效果,最终却由于杂质化合物的存在而被禁止生产和销售涉案产品,似乎有些许不妥。根据最高人民法院关于审理侵犯专利权纠纷案件应用法律若干问题的解释(二)的第二十六条,似乎原告请求给予禁令但是法院判令不给予禁令的理由仅有国家利益以及公共利益。

 

6. 杂质用途专利的可专利性

在涉案专利的无效决定中,对于权利要求15的用途权利要求,复审委直接基于化合物有创造性就认可了权利要求15的创造性,这一观点值得商榷。

虽然一般来说当化合物具有新颖性和创造性的情况下,不必怀疑其用途的新颖性和创造性,但是这一观点并非普适于所有的情况。以本案为例,涉案专利并未证明该杂质会产生任何特别的毒副作用(即未证明为何会单独选择该杂质作为质控杂质),因此根据说明书的公开内容,权利要求15实际上解决的技术问题只是任意选择一种桂哌齐特的杂质作为对照品,这对本领域技术人员而言实际上是显而易见的。

 

7. 现有技术抗辩

涉案专利的优先权日是2009817日,但是四环医药在2002年就开始销售该产品了。因此,现有技术抗辩是一个潜在的抗辩理由。

判断现有技术抗辩是否能够成立,就要判断落入专利权保护范围的全部技术特征,与一项现有技术方案(或其与公知常识的简单组合)中的相应技术特征是否相同或者等同。因此对于杂质的化合物专利,判断现有技术抗辩能否成立的关键在于现有技术中尚未被认识的技术特征(即杂质本身),能否成为现有技术抗辩的相应技术特征。对于已经有明确证据证明现有技术中包括该等杂质(例如专利权人的自认),应该判令现有技术抗辩成立。

 

8. 药品领域的标准必要专利

在交锋过程中,齐鲁制药基于标准必要专利提出过抗辩以及不正当竞争之诉。对于药品专利,特别是针对单个品种的药品专利,不适用于FRAND原则(公平、合理以及非歧视),具体理由如下:

首先,我国现行法规没有规定对于国家强制性标准(例如药品标准)需要适用FRAND原则,在此情况下,应该尊重专利权赋予专利权人的阻止他人实施的权利。

其次,FRAND原则通常适用于行业内多家企业制定的(所以通常包括了多家企业的专利权)、针对一大类产品的标准,其中最典型的例子就是通讯标准(包括了分属于多家企业的专利权,并且针对的是一大类产品),而通常的药品标准仅是一家企业制定的、针对单一品种的标准,而且与标准相关的专利权也仅仅排除了其它企业进入这一单一品种,因此并无适用FRAND原则的必要性。

再次,药品标准涵盖各种类型的专利,比如化合物结构本身就是药品标准的重要组成部分。因此如果药品标准均适用FRAND原则,那么绝大部分药品专利(例如活性物质的化合物专利)均会被视为标准必要专利从而适用FRAND原则,这将会严重打击制药行业的创新。

综上,不应当将涉及药品的专利,特别是仅涉及单个品种的药品专利适用FRAND原则。

 

9. 伪造数据

对于涉案专利的上述判断(特别是对其新颖性和创造性的判断)的前提在于善意得相信涉案专利中记载的数据以及技术效果均是真实的。如果该等数据和/或技术效果是刻意伪造的,那么结论就完全不一样了。

在授权以及在复审委的无效阶段挑战涉案专利造假是非常困难的,主要是因为(a)无效请求人难以证明提交的实验条件与涉案专利实验记载的完全一致(例如涉案专利记载了一种制备方法,但是不太可能详细记载了方法中涉及的所有温度,但后补交的数据必然是在一个特定温度做出来的,所以难以证明两者一致);而且,(b)复审委一般也不愿判断无效请求人与专利权人提交的矛盾数据中何者更为真实(例如通过依职权指定鉴定机构对争议数据进行独立验证),所以一般会选择相信专利文本中原本的记载。因此,挑战数据专利造假,可能到法院的行政诉讼阶段才能见分晓。

值得说明的是,目前中国对于专利数据造假尚无严重罚则,仅在北京市高级人民法院《专利侵权判定指南(2017)》的第126条以及第127条规定了在这种情况下,可以判决驳回原告的诉讼请求。

 

参考资料:

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1588574453387944745&wfr=spider&for=pc

Electronic

Electronic Arts pledges free use for five accessibility patents

Electronic Arts pledges free use for five accessibility patents Recently, Electronic Arts (EA) announced a patent pledge that gives other companies and developers free access to five of its current accessibility-related patents and technology. The company promised not to enforce against any party for infringing any of the listed patents. Instead, EA hopes to encourage “innovation” and build new features that make video games more inclusive on a much larger scale by opening up the patents.  Electronic Arts (EA) is an American video game company founded in 1982. The company owns many popular and famous games, such as The Sims, SimCity, Apex Legends, Madden NFL and FIFA. Each of the games has more than 30 or 50 million sales volume. Significantly, esports involves FIFA and Apex Legends into the event list. Apex Legends has up to 1 billion players, and it is so popular that it has a Switch version. Within the freely available patents, one of which grabs everyone’s attention -- Apex Legends’ ping system (patent No. US 11097189). The ping system in Apex Legends, which excellently allows players to make communication and teamwork quick and easy without hearing or speaking, has been praised both as an impressive alternative to voice chat and as a great accessibility feature for players with a variety of disabilities.  The other patents include the technology widely used in the FIFA and Madden NFL. The innovations can automatically detect and modify colors (patent No. US 10118097 and CN 107694092) and contrast ratios (patent No. US 10878540) to improve gamers’ visibility with colorblindness and low vision. Furthermore, one of the patents relates to personalized sound technology, helping players with hearing issues by modifying or creating music based on their preferences (patent No. US 10790919).   The code of the mentioned technology is published on EA’s GitHub, and it is open to all developers. Thus, the developers can use it or adapt it for their games without spending the costs to research. It is good that EA shares the patents for free use and aims to create an accessibility-increased gaming environment for players. However, it is not “unconditional” to use the listed patents. In the pledge, EA mentioned that it may terminate the promise for a specific party which files a patent infringement lawsuit or other patent proceedings against EA. We can see parts of EV’s ambition behind the announcement—to build a large game developer league and a community of shared interests.     Reference: https://www.ea.com/commitments/positive-play/accessibility-patent-pledge https://iknow.stpi.narl.org.tw/Post/Read.aspx?PostID=14562 https://www.polygon.com/22639469/apex-legends-electronic-arts-patent-pledge-accessibility-developers https://www.theverge.com/2021/8/24/22638535/ea-accessibility-patent-pledge-apex-legends-ping-system https://www.gamesradar.com/ea-secures-a-patent-for-the-apex-legends-ping-system-and-its-giving-it-away-for-free/ https://dotesports.com/apex-legends/news/apex-legends-ping-system-is-now-patent-free-for-accessibility https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2021/08/apex_legends_ping_system_now_patent-free_as_ea_announces_accessibility_pledge Recently, Electronic Arts (EA) announced a patent pledge that gives other companies and developers free access to five of its current accessibility-related patents and technology. The company promised not to enforce against any party for infringing any of the listed patents. Instead, EA hopes to encourage “innovation” and build new features that make video games more inclusive on a much larger scale by opening up the patents.    Electronic Arts (EA) is an American video game company founded in 1982. The company owns many popular and famous games, such as The Sims, SimCity, Apex Legends, Madden NFL and FIFA. Each of the games has more than 30 or 50 million sales volume. Significantly, esports involves FIFA and Apex Legends into the event list. Apex Legends has up to 1 billion players, and it is so popular that it has a Switch version.   Within the freely available patents, one of which grabs everyone’s attention -- Apex Legends’ ping system (patent No. US 11097189). The ping system in Apex Legends, which excellently allows players to make communication and teamwork quick and easy without hearing or speaking, has been praised both as an impressive alternative to voice chat and as a great accessibility feature for players with a variety of disabilities.    The other patents include the technology widely used in the FIFA and Madden NFL. The innovations can automatically detect and modify colors (patent No. US 10118097 and CN 107694092) and contrast ratios (patent No. US 10878540) to improve gamers’ visibility with colorblindness and low vision. Furthermore, one of the patents relates to personalized sound technology, helping players with hearing issues by modifying or creating music based on their preferences (patent No. US 10790919).   The
2021-10-22
The

The forum on "China's Intellectual Property-related Reform Measures and New Trends in Patent Litigation" will be held successfully!

The forum on "China's Intellectual Property-related Reform Measures and New Trends in Patent Litigation" will be held successfully! In response to the call for building a strong country with intellectual property rights, at 2 o'clock in the afternoon of October 21, the forum on "China's reform measures related to intellectual property rights and new trends in patent litigation" will be successfully held in Nanjing Jiangbei New District Industrial Technology Research and Innovation Park. The event was hosted by the Science and Technology Innovation Bureau of Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Management Committee, Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Industrial Technology Research and Innovation Park, Nanjing Intellectual Property Rights Protection Assistance Center Jiangbei New District Center, Nanjing Huaxun Intellectual Property Consultant Co., Ltd., Nanjing Intellectual Property Co-organized by the Protection Center (Nanjing Intellectual Property Rights Protection Assistance Center), Taiwan Pharmaceutical Development Association, and Gene Online. The director of Nanjing Intellectual Property Protection Center, Mou Xiaojian, delivered a speech. Director Mu expressed his warm congratulations on the holding of this event and introduced in detail the new pattern of intellectual property protection in Nanjing. He said: At present, Nanjing has implemented a rights protection assistance network in the municipal area. With full coverage, Nanjing Intellectual Property Protection Center is willing to closely communicate and interact with Nanjing's innovation entities, and provide relevant public welfare services such as rapid pre-review, rapid rights protection, and comprehensive utilization for enterprises in need. In addition, Huang Funan, CEO of Gene Online, was unable to come to congratulate due to the epidemic, and recorded a congratulatory video. In the video, he said: China Innovative Pharmaceuticals has already made many outstanding achievements on the international stage, and these are inseparable from intellectual property rights. The support of the company can also show the importance of intellectual property rights to biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. This event invites four industry experts to focus on China's reform measures related to intellectual property rights and new trends in patent litigation, discuss with companies and universities, and make arrangements in advance. Dr. Qingchen Hou, general manager of Nanjing Huaxun Intellectual Property Consulting Co., Ltd., introduced the "Guidelines for Building a Powerful Country with Intellectual Property Rights (2021-2035)" and explained his views from four aspects: background, strategic layout, overall requirements, and organizational guarantees. . Subsequently, a detailed analysis of China's patent linkage system was carried out, and compared with the same types of cases at home and abroad, questions were raised: Why should we reward the first person who successfully challenged patents? Not the first person to file a P4 application? And have a series of discussions with you. Director Jiang Haijun of the Intellectual Property Protection Legal Committee of the Nanjing Lawyers Association gave a speech on three points: the problems after the amendment of the patent law, the enforceability of the amount of compensation, and the legal conflicts related to service inventions. Regarding the patent right evaluation report, he emphasized that the patentee, interested party or accused infringer can also proactively issue a patent right evaluation report. "Patent is a work of art that combines technology and law" is a message shared by Mr. Feng Tao from Jiangsu Junbo Law Firm at this event. Mr. Feng analyzes the big data of Chinese patent litigation cases through graphs and examples. Explore. The last topic of the event was shared by Guo Huangying, Intellectual Property Manager of Nanjing Huaxun Intellectual Property Agency (General Partnership)-China's Patent Infringement Judgment Principles and New Developments. Manager Guo explained to everyone the principles of patent infringement judgment and the necessity of patent infringement search and analysis before producing and selling products. In the intellectual property industry, ECCOM has been providing high-quality and professional comprehensive intellectual property services to enterprises and universities one step at a time. It also hopes that under the leadership of the state and the government, it will contribute to the building of a strong intellectual property nation in China. Make a contribution.
2021-10-22
Types

Types of patents that are easily overlooked- Design Patent

Types of patents that are easily overlooked- Design Patent In recent years, as the public’s awareness of intellectual property has increased, people have begun to consciously use the patent law to protect their intellectual property rights. However, in the process of implementation, they often only focus on invention patent and utility model patent, and tend to ignore the protection of design patent. Recently, Midea sued Haotaitai for two models of CXW-300-D998 and CXW-300-D908 Haotaitai brand range hoods In the case of suspected infringement of its design patent (patent number: ZL201930621598.X), the Guangzhou Intellectual Property Court made a first-instance judgment after hearing that it determined that the two products of Haotaitai constituted infringement, and ordered it to immediately stop the infringement and compensate Midea, The company's economic losses and reasonable expenses totaled 360,000 yuan. In fact, appearance infringement cases have occurred from time to time before, such as: "Molly" blind box design patent case, "Siemens" switch design patent infringement dispute case received a compensation of 6 million yuan, three Casio watch design patents were infringed Received a compensation of 8.8 million yuan and so on. The reason why people ignore the protection of design patents, in the final analysis, is that they have insufficient knowledge of design patents. Today, let's take a look at what is protected by design patents and what rights protections can we apply for? Design patent definition: Article 2 of the "Patent Law", design patent, refers to a new design that is aesthetically pleasing and suitable for industrial applications based on the shape, pattern, or combination of products, and the combination of color, shape, and pattern. Protected range: The shape of the product; the pattern of the product; the shape and pattern of the product; the shape and color of the product; the pattern and color of the product; the shape, pattern and color of the product. Protection period: The term of protection for design patent rights is 15 years, calculated from the date of filing. What are the conditions for applying for a design patent? The design should be aesthetically pleasing Appearance patents should be suitable for industrial applications The design patent application should be novel The design patent application should be inventiveness What are the advantages and functions of design patents? Protect the rights and interests of enterprises in product designs and fight against infringements in market competition. To enhance brand value, the quality and quantity of patents are the embodiment of the company's innovation ability and core competitiveness. Receive consumer recognition. If a company's new product appearance is filed for a patent in a timely manner, its appearance design will enjoy the exclusive right. Nowadays, consumers often choose products with trendy and beautiful appearance when buying their products. Applying for a design patent is a necessary condition for applying for a high-tech enterprise.
2021-09-26
Colopl

Colopl Settles Patent Infringement Lawsuit with Nintendo by Paying $30 Million

Colopl Settles Patent Infringement Lawsuit with Nintendo by Paying $30 Million   This August, Nintendo and a game developer Colopl announced that they have settled for patent infringement regarding White Cat Project (Shironeko Project in Japanese), a smartphone game developed by Colopl. Although both companies did not publicly share exact details of the settlement, at least it is sure that Colopl agreed to pay 3.3 billion yen (about US$30.2 million) as the settlement fee for the proceedings, including the future license of Nintendo's patents.    How did the battle begin?  Being developed and published by a Japanese game developer, Colopl, White Cat Project is a free-to-play action role-playing game for Android and iOS systems. The mobile game was launched in July 2014 as well as got a television anime adaptation in 2020. It is incredibly popular to have more than 50 million downloads. Furthermore, the game is set to receive a Switch version titled "Shironeko New Project".    In September 2016, Nintendo noted the Colopl's game and considered that the game had infringed on several of Nintendo's technology patents. The two companies communicated with each other for over a year; however, Nintendo did not accept the explanations from Colopl, and Nintendo filed a lawsuit against Colopl at the beginning of 2018.    Nintendo claimed that Colopl infringed 6 of its patents. These patents protect touch-screen joystick functionality (patent no. JP3734820), multiplayer connectivity (patent no. JP5595991, JP6271692), confirmation screens in sleep mode (patent no. JP4010533), character attacks based on touch input locations (patent no. JP4262217), and a shadow effect placed on characters hidden behind the game geometry (patent no. JP3637031).   These patents almost cover various ways of game technology, especially the patent  JP5595991 and JP6271692. Their patent family is wide-reaching, and many divisional applications of the family are pending in Japan. They protect a communication game system and its related devices. It is not easy to detect the patent's existence and boundary since this kind of hardcore technique is so common in the gaming field and our daily lives.     The five-year patent war has been settled.  After a five-year dispute, the situation appeared to turn in Nintendo's favor as the Switch maker increased its monetary demands, which convinced Colopl to strike a deal that lets it use the disputed patents. Furthermore, a Switch version of White Cat Project remains in the works at Colopl.    With the extraordinary losses of Colopl, the legal battle between the two companies came to an end.  
2021-09-09
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