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《我不是药神》刷屏背后的专利保护和障碍

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  • Time of issue:2018-07-16 11:35
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(Summary description)近期热映的《我不是药神》反映了患者在面对天价药时的无奈与悲苦,天价药历来是医疗体系众多问题中最尖锐的一个,相信片中白血病患者的愤怒和无奈,隔着屏幕观众也都能切身体会到:买得起意味倾家荡产,买不起意味家破人亡,有人选择放弃,有人被迫加入“购药大军”,到印度等周边国家采购低价仿制药。电影将矛头指向了原研药企业,指向原研药的高定价策略,而在我国,价格太高的药物通常不能通过医保报销,因此这个矛盾犹为突出。

《我不是药神》刷屏背后的专利保护和障碍

(Summary description)近期热映的《我不是药神》反映了患者在面对天价药时的无奈与悲苦,天价药历来是医疗体系众多问题中最尖锐的一个,相信片中白血病患者的愤怒和无奈,隔着屏幕观众也都能切身体会到:买得起意味倾家荡产,买不起意味家破人亡,有人选择放弃,有人被迫加入“购药大军”,到印度等周边国家采购低价仿制药。电影将矛头指向了原研药企业,指向原研药的高定价策略,而在我国,价格太高的药物通常不能通过医保报销,因此这个矛盾犹为突出。

  • Categories:最新消息
  • Author:
  • Origin:
  • Time of issue:2018-07-16 11:35
  • Views:
Information

《我不是药神》刷屏背后的专利保护和障碍

 

近期热映的《我不是药神》反映了患者在面对天价药时的无奈与悲苦,天价药历来是医疗体系众多问题中最尖锐的一个,相信片中白血病患者的愤怒和无奈,隔着屏幕观众也都能切身体会到:买得起意味倾家荡产,买不起意味家破人亡,有人选择放弃,有人被迫加入“购药大军”,到印度等周边国家采购低价仿制药。电影将矛头指向了原研药企业,指向原研药的高定价策略,而在我国,价格太高的药物通常不能通过医保报销,因此这个矛盾犹为突出。

本文目的不是为了批判以前发生的事情,而是为了更好的看清医药行业的走向,鉴往知来。有些时候,个人、公司、或者国家政策都会走些弯路,但这些弯路不是白走的,它们可以给予我们很多经验和启示,就像老话说的:人生没有白走的路,每一步都算数。过去三年,政府对医药改革推广的速度很快,包括进口抗癌药零关税,以及专利强制许可相关制度、加快药物注册等等缩短仿制药上市时间的政策。

 

高价药调入医保面临的困境

提及原研药和仿制药,讨论最多的无非是医保和专利制度。在中国,原研药在专利期受法律保护,其他厂家不能仿制,如果没有纳入医保,那就全部需要自费承担,影片中说“房子被吃没了,家人被吃垮了”的老人,就是这种情况。在电影的最后,白血病患者终于在医保的帮助下吃上了药,是一个大团圆结局,不少人感慨程勇的付出没有白费,终于引起了国家重视,同时也很自然地问:为什么不把其他药也纳入医保呢?答案很简单:医保黑洞。

随着癌症发病率及死亡率的不断提高,2016年中国抗肿瘤药物的总费用约为1110亿元,并仍以10%以上的增速持续上涨,此外,我国正在步入老龄化社会(医保使用者增多),医保资金青黄不接之际,将众多天价原研药纳进医保,谈何容易?因此除了医保谈判,仿制药替代是一条重要解决途径。

 

仿制药及进口药存在的法律障碍

从国外进口药品存在两种可能的路径:一种是进口专利权人生产或经其许可生产的原研药,另一种是进口未经专利权人许可的仿制药。

即便是专利权人自行生产或经其许可生产的原研药,在不同国家和地区的价格也可能存在较大差异。根据TRIPS协定,“进口”是专利的一项权能,专利权人有权禁止他人未经许可进口受专利保护的产品,但该问题可通过专利权“国际用尽”原则来予以解决:只要专利权人在全球任何一个地方将其产品投放至市场,就不再对该产品享有专利法意义上的控制权,也就不能禁止他人进口该产品。

对于进口未经专利权人许可的仿制药,则并不适用“国际用尽”原则,因为该仿制药产品不是专利权人投放到市场中的产品,印度生产的许多仿制药就属于这种情形,这些药品在印度由于没有受到专利保护,生产仿制药不侵犯原研药企业的专利权,但一旦进口到中国来,则仍会侵犯原研药企业在中国的专利权。

无论如何,根据中国《药品管理法》规定,未经批准进口、销售的药品,以假药论处,也就是说,不论药品在境外的真假如何,均是“法律上的假药”。

 

从专利布局的角度来看,原研公司通常在首次人体试验前申请基础化合物专利保护通式结构,此专利最大限度的保护了具有同样用途的一类衍生物,这些化合物数量庞大且拥有共同的结构,能够避免目标化合物过早暴露,防止对手跟进,一般来讲,除了基础化合物专利,申请人后续可能还会提出一个具体化合物专利(例如具体的盐、异构体、前药、活性代谢产物)申请;除了化合物专利,晶型专利的重要性仅次于化合物专利,是阻挡仿制药上市的第二道防线。除了申请核心专利限制仿制药开发者,原研公司还会进行外围专利申请,例如组合物专利、合成方法专利、新的用途专利、新的晶型专利、新的盐专利,一方面防止对手开发出新技术进行专利申请限制自己,另一方面通过外围专利申请给仿制药厂家设置技术屏障,形成所谓“专利壁垒”,滥用专利制度的法律保护,实施各种不合理障碍措施限制其他国家的企业发展,特别是使发展中国家处于十分不利的地位。

目前在国内外已有许多专家投入专利挑战的行列,以期清除原研药周边的不合理专利,使仿制药厂可在本地无障碍地生产并参与市场竞争,国外的仿制药也可以进口注册,从而降低药价,让更多患者能获得治疗。

 

 

Electronic

Electronic Arts pledges free use for five accessibility patents

Electronic Arts pledges free use for five accessibility patents Recently, Electronic Arts (EA) announced a patent pledge that gives other companies and developers free access to five of its current accessibility-related patents and technology. The company promised not to enforce against any party for infringing any of the listed patents. Instead, EA hopes to encourage “innovation” and build new features that make video games more inclusive on a much larger scale by opening up the patents.  Electronic Arts (EA) is an American video game company founded in 1982. The company owns many popular and famous games, such as The Sims, SimCity, Apex Legends, Madden NFL and FIFA. Each of the games has more than 30 or 50 million sales volume. Significantly, esports involves FIFA and Apex Legends into the event list. Apex Legends has up to 1 billion players, and it is so popular that it has a Switch version. Within the freely available patents, one of which grabs everyone’s attention -- Apex Legends’ ping system (patent No. US 11097189). The ping system in Apex Legends, which excellently allows players to make communication and teamwork quick and easy without hearing or speaking, has been praised both as an impressive alternative to voice chat and as a great accessibility feature for players with a variety of disabilities.  The other patents include the technology widely used in the FIFA and Madden NFL. The innovations can automatically detect and modify colors (patent No. US 10118097 and CN 107694092) and contrast ratios (patent No. US 10878540) to improve gamers’ visibility with colorblindness and low vision. Furthermore, one of the patents relates to personalized sound technology, helping players with hearing issues by modifying or creating music based on their preferences (patent No. US 10790919).   The code of the mentioned technology is published on EA’s GitHub, and it is open to all developers. Thus, the developers can use it or adapt it for their games without spending the costs to research. It is good that EA shares the patents for free use and aims to create an accessibility-increased gaming environment for players. However, it is not “unconditional” to use the listed patents. In the pledge, EA mentioned that it may terminate the promise for a specific party which files a patent infringement lawsuit or other patent proceedings against EA. We can see parts of EV’s ambition behind the announcement—to build a large game developer league and a community of shared interests.     Reference: https://www.ea.com/commitments/positive-play/accessibility-patent-pledge https://iknow.stpi.narl.org.tw/Post/Read.aspx?PostID=14562 https://www.polygon.com/22639469/apex-legends-electronic-arts-patent-pledge-accessibility-developers https://www.theverge.com/2021/8/24/22638535/ea-accessibility-patent-pledge-apex-legends-ping-system https://www.gamesradar.com/ea-secures-a-patent-for-the-apex-legends-ping-system-and-its-giving-it-away-for-free/ https://dotesports.com/apex-legends/news/apex-legends-ping-system-is-now-patent-free-for-accessibility https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2021/08/apex_legends_ping_system_now_patent-free_as_ea_announces_accessibility_pledge Recently, Electronic Arts (EA) announced a patent pledge that gives other companies and developers free access to five of its current accessibility-related patents and technology. The company promised not to enforce against any party for infringing any of the listed patents. Instead, EA hopes to encourage “innovation” and build new features that make video games more inclusive on a much larger scale by opening up the patents.    Electronic Arts (EA) is an American video game company founded in 1982. The company owns many popular and famous games, such as The Sims, SimCity, Apex Legends, Madden NFL and FIFA. Each of the games has more than 30 or 50 million sales volume. Significantly, esports involves FIFA and Apex Legends into the event list. Apex Legends has up to 1 billion players, and it is so popular that it has a Switch version.   Within the freely available patents, one of which grabs everyone’s attention -- Apex Legends’ ping system (patent No. US 11097189). The ping system in Apex Legends, which excellently allows players to make communication and teamwork quick and easy without hearing or speaking, has been praised both as an impressive alternative to voice chat and as a great accessibility feature for players with a variety of disabilities.    The other patents include the technology widely used in the FIFA and Madden NFL. The innovations can automatically detect and modify colors (patent No. US 10118097 and CN 107694092) and contrast ratios (patent No. US 10878540) to improve gamers’ visibility with colorblindness and low vision. Furthermore, one of the patents relates to personalized sound technology, helping players with hearing issues by modifying or creating music based on their preferences (patent No. US 10790919).   The
2021-10-22
The

The forum on "China's Intellectual Property-related Reform Measures and New Trends in Patent Litigation" will be held successfully!

The forum on "China's Intellectual Property-related Reform Measures and New Trends in Patent Litigation" will be held successfully! In response to the call for building a strong country with intellectual property rights, at 2 o'clock in the afternoon of October 21, the forum on "China's reform measures related to intellectual property rights and new trends in patent litigation" will be successfully held in Nanjing Jiangbei New District Industrial Technology Research and Innovation Park. The event was hosted by the Science and Technology Innovation Bureau of Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Management Committee, Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Industrial Technology Research and Innovation Park, Nanjing Intellectual Property Rights Protection Assistance Center Jiangbei New District Center, Nanjing Huaxun Intellectual Property Consultant Co., Ltd., Nanjing Intellectual Property Co-organized by the Protection Center (Nanjing Intellectual Property Rights Protection Assistance Center), Taiwan Pharmaceutical Development Association, and Gene Online. The director of Nanjing Intellectual Property Protection Center, Mou Xiaojian, delivered a speech. Director Mu expressed his warm congratulations on the holding of this event and introduced in detail the new pattern of intellectual property protection in Nanjing. He said: At present, Nanjing has implemented a rights protection assistance network in the municipal area. With full coverage, Nanjing Intellectual Property Protection Center is willing to closely communicate and interact with Nanjing's innovation entities, and provide relevant public welfare services such as rapid pre-review, rapid rights protection, and comprehensive utilization for enterprises in need. In addition, Huang Funan, CEO of Gene Online, was unable to come to congratulate due to the epidemic, and recorded a congratulatory video. In the video, he said: China Innovative Pharmaceuticals has already made many outstanding achievements on the international stage, and these are inseparable from intellectual property rights. The support of the company can also show the importance of intellectual property rights to biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. This event invites four industry experts to focus on China's reform measures related to intellectual property rights and new trends in patent litigation, discuss with companies and universities, and make arrangements in advance. Dr. Qingchen Hou, general manager of Nanjing Huaxun Intellectual Property Consulting Co., Ltd., introduced the "Guidelines for Building a Powerful Country with Intellectual Property Rights (2021-2035)" and explained his views from four aspects: background, strategic layout, overall requirements, and organizational guarantees. . Subsequently, a detailed analysis of China's patent linkage system was carried out, and compared with the same types of cases at home and abroad, questions were raised: Why should we reward the first person who successfully challenged patents? Not the first person to file a P4 application? And have a series of discussions with you. Director Jiang Haijun of the Intellectual Property Protection Legal Committee of the Nanjing Lawyers Association gave a speech on three points: the problems after the amendment of the patent law, the enforceability of the amount of compensation, and the legal conflicts related to service inventions. Regarding the patent right evaluation report, he emphasized that the patentee, interested party or accused infringer can also proactively issue a patent right evaluation report. "Patent is a work of art that combines technology and law" is a message shared by Mr. Feng Tao from Jiangsu Junbo Law Firm at this event. Mr. Feng analyzes the big data of Chinese patent litigation cases through graphs and examples. Explore. The last topic of the event was shared by Guo Huangying, Intellectual Property Manager of Nanjing Huaxun Intellectual Property Agency (General Partnership)-China's Patent Infringement Judgment Principles and New Developments. Manager Guo explained to everyone the principles of patent infringement judgment and the necessity of patent infringement search and analysis before producing and selling products. In the intellectual property industry, ECCOM has been providing high-quality and professional comprehensive intellectual property services to enterprises and universities one step at a time. It also hopes that under the leadership of the state and the government, it will contribute to the building of a strong intellectual property nation in China. Make a contribution.
2021-10-22
Types

Types of patents that are easily overlooked- Design Patent

Types of patents that are easily overlooked- Design Patent In recent years, as the public’s awareness of intellectual property has increased, people have begun to consciously use the patent law to protect their intellectual property rights. However, in the process of implementation, they often only focus on invention patent and utility model patent, and tend to ignore the protection of design patent. Recently, Midea sued Haotaitai for two models of CXW-300-D998 and CXW-300-D908 Haotaitai brand range hoods In the case of suspected infringement of its design patent (patent number: ZL201930621598.X), the Guangzhou Intellectual Property Court made a first-instance judgment after hearing that it determined that the two products of Haotaitai constituted infringement, and ordered it to immediately stop the infringement and compensate Midea, The company's economic losses and reasonable expenses totaled 360,000 yuan. In fact, appearance infringement cases have occurred from time to time before, such as: "Molly" blind box design patent case, "Siemens" switch design patent infringement dispute case received a compensation of 6 million yuan, three Casio watch design patents were infringed Received a compensation of 8.8 million yuan and so on. The reason why people ignore the protection of design patents, in the final analysis, is that they have insufficient knowledge of design patents. Today, let's take a look at what is protected by design patents and what rights protections can we apply for? Design patent definition: Article 2 of the "Patent Law", design patent, refers to a new design that is aesthetically pleasing and suitable for industrial applications based on the shape, pattern, or combination of products, and the combination of color, shape, and pattern. Protected range: The shape of the product; the pattern of the product; the shape and pattern of the product; the shape and color of the product; the pattern and color of the product; the shape, pattern and color of the product. Protection period: The term of protection for design patent rights is 15 years, calculated from the date of filing. What are the conditions for applying for a design patent? The design should be aesthetically pleasing Appearance patents should be suitable for industrial applications The design patent application should be novel The design patent application should be inventiveness What are the advantages and functions of design patents? Protect the rights and interests of enterprises in product designs and fight against infringements in market competition. To enhance brand value, the quality and quantity of patents are the embodiment of the company's innovation ability and core competitiveness. Receive consumer recognition. If a company's new product appearance is filed for a patent in a timely manner, its appearance design will enjoy the exclusive right. Nowadays, consumers often choose products with trendy and beautiful appearance when buying their products. Applying for a design patent is a necessary condition for applying for a high-tech enterprise.
2021-09-26
Colopl

Colopl Settles Patent Infringement Lawsuit with Nintendo by Paying $30 Million

Colopl Settles Patent Infringement Lawsuit with Nintendo by Paying $30 Million   This August, Nintendo and a game developer Colopl announced that they have settled for patent infringement regarding White Cat Project (Shironeko Project in Japanese), a smartphone game developed by Colopl. Although both companies did not publicly share exact details of the settlement, at least it is sure that Colopl agreed to pay 3.3 billion yen (about US$30.2 million) as the settlement fee for the proceedings, including the future license of Nintendo's patents.    How did the battle begin?  Being developed and published by a Japanese game developer, Colopl, White Cat Project is a free-to-play action role-playing game for Android and iOS systems. The mobile game was launched in July 2014 as well as got a television anime adaptation in 2020. It is incredibly popular to have more than 50 million downloads. Furthermore, the game is set to receive a Switch version titled "Shironeko New Project".    In September 2016, Nintendo noted the Colopl's game and considered that the game had infringed on several of Nintendo's technology patents. The two companies communicated with each other for over a year; however, Nintendo did not accept the explanations from Colopl, and Nintendo filed a lawsuit against Colopl at the beginning of 2018.    Nintendo claimed that Colopl infringed 6 of its patents. These patents protect touch-screen joystick functionality (patent no. JP3734820), multiplayer connectivity (patent no. JP5595991, JP6271692), confirmation screens in sleep mode (patent no. JP4010533), character attacks based on touch input locations (patent no. JP4262217), and a shadow effect placed on characters hidden behind the game geometry (patent no. JP3637031).   These patents almost cover various ways of game technology, especially the patent  JP5595991 and JP6271692. Their patent family is wide-reaching, and many divisional applications of the family are pending in Japan. They protect a communication game system and its related devices. It is not easy to detect the patent's existence and boundary since this kind of hardcore technique is so common in the gaming field and our daily lives.     The five-year patent war has been settled.  After a five-year dispute, the situation appeared to turn in Nintendo's favor as the Switch maker increased its monetary demands, which convinced Colopl to strike a deal that lets it use the disputed patents. Furthermore, a Switch version of White Cat Project remains in the works at Colopl.    With the extraordinary losses of Colopl, the legal battle between the two companies came to an end.  
2021-09-09
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