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“药王”修美乐的专利长城攻防战

  • Categories:最新消息
  • Author:华讯知识产权
  • Origin:http://news.emoney.cn/guoji/2344312.shtml http://www.xinyaohui.com/news/201707/10/9623.html
  • Time of issue:2018-10-19 10:41
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(Summary description)修美乐(商品名Humira),即阿达木单抗(Adalimumab)是由全球顶级制药巨头艾伯维(AbbVie)公司研制的抗TNF-α药物,主要治疗包括类风湿性关节炎、牛皮癣和克罗恩病等多个领域,目前修美乐已在全球获得了14个适应症。自2002年首次获得FDA批准上市以来,修美乐已经累计创造了近1000亿美元的销售收入,而且直到今天还以每年两位数的增幅刷新单只药品的年度销售记录,毫无疑问的被冠以“药王

“药王”修美乐的专利长城攻防战

(Summary description)修美乐(商品名Humira),即阿达木单抗(Adalimumab)是由全球顶级制药巨头艾伯维(AbbVie)公司研制的抗TNF-α药物,主要治疗包括类风湿性关节炎、牛皮癣和克罗恩病等多个领域,目前修美乐已在全球获得了14个适应症。自2002年首次获得FDA批准上市以来,修美乐已经累计创造了近1000亿美元的销售收入,而且直到今天还以每年两位数的增幅刷新单只药品的年度销售记录,毫无疑问的被冠以“药王

  • Categories:最新消息
  • Author:华讯知识产权
  • Origin:http://news.emoney.cn/guoji/2344312.shtml http://www.xinyaohui.com/news/201707/10/9623.html
  • Time of issue:2018-10-19 10:41
  • Views:
Information

修美乐(商品名Humira) ,即阿达木单抗(Adalimumab)是由全球顶级制药巨头艾伯维(AbbVie)公司研制的抗TNF-α药物,主要治疗包括类风湿性关节炎、牛皮癣和克罗恩病等多个领域,目前修美乐已在全球获得了14个适应症。自2002年首次获得FDA批准上市以来,修美乐已经累计创造了近1000亿美元的销售收入,而且直到今天还以每年两位数的增幅刷新单只药品的年度销售记录,毫无疑问的被冠以“药王”的称号。修美乐在2017年全球销售额高达184亿美元,其中美国以外市场贡献60亿美元,大部分来自欧洲。

随着修美乐在美国的核心专利US6090382(Human Antibodies That Bind Human TNF Alpha,针对与人肿瘤坏死因子-α结合的人源抗体)已经于2016年12月31日到期,在欧洲的专利也已于本周2018年10月16日到期,面对如此诱人的一块大蛋糕,全球各大生物制药企业都在加快研发自己的生物类似药,并相继利用双方复审程序(Inter Partes Review, IPR)对艾伯维公司提起了专利无效请求,虎视眈眈地瞄准了这个利益巨大的市场。

 

核心专利到期的影响

为阻止其他生物类似药企业在修美乐专利到期之后抢占市场,艾伯维在美国累计申请专利达七十多项,涵盖化合物、制剂、制备工艺、适应症、使用方法等,构建起一道专利领域的“万里长城”,并且其中有多重组合专利,它们的到期日期普遍在2022至2034年之间,任何公司想要仿制修美乐,要么绕开后续专利申请,要么等待专利到期,使研发修美乐的生物类似药更加困难。

 

生物类似药汹涌来袭

即便研发不易,面对如此巨大的蛋糕,挑战者依然是前仆后继。

除了2014 年12 月Zydus-Cadila 公司在印度上市了全球首个修美乐的生物类似药Exemptia 以外,修美乐的很多生物类似药(biosimilar)、模仿产品(biosuperior)和后续产品(follow-on-biologics)都在研发中。

2016年9月,FDA批准了安进公司的修美乐生物类似药Amjevita (adalimumab-atto)。2017年8月,欧洲药品管理局批准了由三星Bioepis与Biogen共同生产的修美乐生物类似药Imraldi,这也是欧洲市场既安进的Amjevita之后第二个修美乐生物类似药。英国金融时报称,准备进入该市场的大牌公司有美国安进公司、Sandoz、Biogen以及三星Bioepis,而所有这些公司都获得了欧洲监管机构批准的修美乐替代品授权。

实际上不仅是在国际市场中暗流涌动,在国内,针对修美乐的仿制也早已开始,据统计,国内修美乐的仿制厂家已达21家,信达生物等先行者已推进至临床阶段,并且信达生物和百奥泰两家均已到达临床3期,适应症皆为强直性脊柱炎。

 

专利攻防战

1.  专利挑战

修美乐的专利组合无疑是各大生物制药企业研发修美乐仿制药的最大阻碍之一,所以修美乐被多次提出了专利无效请求,这些生物仿制药企业发起的一波波攻击,也是后来艾伯维发起“专利舞蹈”反击的原因之一。

第一个对药品修美乐发起专利挑战的是安进公司(Amgen)。2015年6月,安进公司以不具备新颖性和创造性为由,向美国专利与商标局提出对艾伯维公司的两项修美乐制剂专利US8916157、US8916158的专利无效请求,但美国专利与商标局认为安进公司并没有证明其主张具有合理的可能性,于2016年1月驳回无效请求。值得一提的是,由于专利无效请求被驳回,这两个涉案专利对于艾伯维公司来说无疑变得更有价值了,这也是为什么在之后两方的专利舞蹈中,艾伯维会挑选专利US8916157 进入首次侵权诉讼所涵盖的涉讼专利范围。

在安进公司之后,2015年11月,Coherus公司对艾伯维公司提出了双方复审程序:先是提出专利US8889135的无效请求,理由是专利要求保护的摄入剂量在本领域是公知常识;随后在同年12月,又对涉及类风湿性关节炎适应症的另两项专利US9017680和US9073987提出无效请求,与此同时,Boehringer-Ingelheim公司(BI)也针对专利US8889135提出了双方复审程序,理由是专利的权利要求1到5不具备创造性。与安进公司的驳回结果不同,美国专利与商标局认为Coherus和BI证明了其主张具备合理性,可以进行复审,所以在2016年5月24日,专利局决定对上述涉案专利进行复审;2016年7月6日,美国专利和商标局的专利审判和上诉委员会(U.S. Patent and Trademark Office’s Patent Trial and Appeal Board, PTAB)在经过知识产权多方审查之后,对BI及Coherus针对修美乐提出的五项“135专利”挑战,做出了予以支持的判决。艾伯维在一项电子邮件中声明,将针对专利判决结果向PTAB提起上诉,事实上,这也是艾伯维不得不去做的事情,因为“135专利”覆盖了修美乐的治疗频率以及使用剂量等多项关键信息,对于研发修美乐生物类似药的竞争对手来说,这项专利是必须攻下的一座城池。

此前,艾伯维为阻止其他生物仿制药企业在修美乐专利到期之后抢占市场,特意针对风湿性关节炎和牛皮癣等适应症注射方法申请了两个专利,并分别把专利时间延长至2022年和2023年;三星旗下生物制药公司三星Bioepis联合其欧洲商业化合作伙伴Biogen对其提起了专利无效诉讼。

 

2.  专利舞蹈

美国的《生物制剂价格竞争与创新法案》(BPCIA)制订了一套用来解决原研药公司与仿制药公司双方专利纠纷的制度,该制度被称为“专利舞蹈”,其程序大致可分为三个部分,分别是信息交换程序、专利范围谈判与诉讼以及上市前通知。

信息交换程序指仿制药公司向FDA提出药物审查后,需提供原研药公司完整的申请文件复本及制造工艺等相关资料,原研药公司在收到资料后,判断仿制药公司侵犯了自己的哪些专利,并向对方提出侵权专利的专利清单,仿制药公司收到清单后,也可提出自己认为合理的专利清单,随后双方进入专利范围谈判环节,目的是为界定首次侵权诉讼所涵盖的涉讼专利范围。

在安进公司的生物仿制药ABP100通过FDA审查后,2016年8月4日,艾伯维公司对安进公司提起了专利侵权诉讼,控告仿制药ABP100侵犯了修美乐的多项专利权,修美乐的“专利舞蹈”就此拉开序幕。

安进公司先向艾伯维公司披露了相关资料,然后艾伯维根据材料,从药品修美乐相关的100多个专利中列出了61个被侵权专利的清单,双方各自从清单中选出了6个专利,其中有两个专利同时被双方选择,所以首次侵权诉讼共涉及10个专利。从选择的专利来看,安进公司选的几乎都是制备工艺的专利,据猜测,一个原因是因为安进本身是生物制药方面的专家,在药物的制备工艺领域有较大的信心,另一个原因是,对于制备工艺的专利更容易进行规避设计;而艾伯维选择的专利则涉及范围较广,包括制剂、制备工艺、使用方法等,显然,艾伯维的策略是为了全方位的保护修美乐,并且正如上文所提到的,艾伯维还选择了安进公司第一次提起的双方复审程序的涉案专利US8916157,加大自己的胜算。

 

目前在美国市场,艾伯维已先后与安进、三星Bioepis、迈兰达成和解协议,后三者开发的生物仿制药分别被允许最早可在2023年1月31日、6月30日、7月31日登陆美国。

 

结语

与化学药物的仿制不同,生物技术药物的精确仿制几乎是不可能的,因此对于生物技术药物我们常用“生物类似药”,而不使用“仿制药”这个词。可以认为,修美乐即便被“仿制”,也很难被“复制”,因为恐怕没有一个药能像修美乐这样轻易拿下十多种适应症;除此之外,尽管修美乐的核心化合物专利已先后在美国及欧洲失去保护,但它依然受荫于其它 70 多项专利,阻止竞争对手的研发进程,即便仿制药厂专利挑战通过,仿制药申请在FDA顺利过审,依然有其余的几十项专利等待挑战,在漫长的诉讼拉锯战中,修美乐可以继续享有药王宝座,并确保冠军不会旁落。基于此,艾伯维的董事长兼首席执行官Richard A. Gonzalez乐观地表示,修美乐将会在2022年迎来其销量的峰值,至于能不能实现,我们拭目以待。

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Electronic

Electronic Arts pledges free use for five accessibility patents

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Colopl

Colopl Settles Patent Infringement Lawsuit with Nintendo by Paying $30 Million

Colopl Settles Patent Infringement Lawsuit with Nintendo by Paying $30 Million   This August, Nintendo and a game developer Colopl announced that they have settled for patent infringement regarding White Cat Project (Shironeko Project in Japanese), a smartphone game developed by Colopl. Although both companies did not publicly share exact details of the settlement, at least it is sure that Colopl agreed to pay 3.3 billion yen (about US$30.2 million) as the settlement fee for the proceedings, including the future license of Nintendo's patents.    How did the battle begin?  Being developed and published by a Japanese game developer, Colopl, White Cat Project is a free-to-play action role-playing game for Android and iOS systems. The mobile game was launched in July 2014 as well as got a television anime adaptation in 2020. It is incredibly popular to have more than 50 million downloads. Furthermore, the game is set to receive a Switch version titled "Shironeko New Project".    In September 2016, Nintendo noted the Colopl's game and considered that the game had infringed on several of Nintendo's technology patents. The two companies communicated with each other for over a year; however, Nintendo did not accept the explanations from Colopl, and Nintendo filed a lawsuit against Colopl at the beginning of 2018.    Nintendo claimed that Colopl infringed 6 of its patents. These patents protect touch-screen joystick functionality (patent no. JP3734820), multiplayer connectivity (patent no. JP5595991, JP6271692), confirmation screens in sleep mode (patent no. JP4010533), character attacks based on touch input locations (patent no. JP4262217), and a shadow effect placed on characters hidden behind the game geometry (patent no. JP3637031).   These patents almost cover various ways of game technology, especially the patent  JP5595991 and JP6271692. Their patent family is wide-reaching, and many divisional applications of the family are pending in Japan. They protect a communication game system and its related devices. It is not easy to detect the patent's existence and boundary since this kind of hardcore technique is so common in the gaming field and our daily lives.     The five-year patent war has been settled.  After a five-year dispute, the situation appeared to turn in Nintendo's favor as the Switch maker increased its monetary demands, which convinced Colopl to strike a deal that lets it use the disputed patents. Furthermore, a Switch version of White Cat Project remains in the works at Colopl.    With the extraordinary losses of Colopl, the legal battle between the two companies came to an end.  
2021-09-09
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