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浅析图形用户界面(GUI)专利保护

  • Categories:最新消息
  • Author:华讯知识产权
  • Origin:
  • Time of issue:2018-12-21 22:45
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(Summary description)随着互联网、通讯、家电科技等领域的迅猛发展,用户对于产品的人机交互需求越来越高,作为计算机技术发展的重点之一,图形用户界面(GUI)的价值愈发凸显,近年来,GUI的外观设计更是成为专利圈热议的话题。为了全面了解GUI专利权,需要从以下三个方面着手:(1)GUI专利权的客体是什么?(2)GUI专利权如何获取?(3)GUI专利权的保护范围。下文将参考专利审查指南、审查实践以及专利审查员的培训材料,对上

浅析图形用户界面(GUI)专利保护

(Summary description)随着互联网、通讯、家电科技等领域的迅猛发展,用户对于产品的人机交互需求越来越高,作为计算机技术发展的重点之一,图形用户界面(GUI)的价值愈发凸显,近年来,GUI的外观设计更是成为专利圈热议的话题。为了全面了解GUI专利权,需要从以下三个方面着手:(1)GUI专利权的客体是什么?(2)GUI专利权如何获取?(3)GUI专利权的保护范围。下文将参考专利审查指南、审查实践以及专利审查员的培训材料,对上

  • Categories:最新消息
  • Author:华讯知识产权
  • Origin:
  • Time of issue:2018-12-21 22:45
  • Views:
Information

随着互联网、通讯、家电科技等领域的迅猛发展,用户对于产品的人机交互需求越来越高,作为计算机技术发展的重点之一,图形用户界面(GUI)的价值愈发凸显,近年来,GUI的外观设计更是成为专利圈热议的话题。

为了全面了解GUI专利权,需要从以下三个方面着手:(1GUI专利权的客体是什么?(2GUI专利权如何获取?(3GUI专利权的保护范围。下文将参考专利审查指南、审查实践以及专利审查员的培训材料,对上述三个方面给出解析。

1. GUI外观设计专利保护的客体

GUI一般是指在产品显示装置上以图形方式显示的界面,产品包括计算机、手机、电器、仪器、仪表、工业设备、电子乐器等。

既然GUI外观设计属于外观设计中的一种,那么GUI外观设计必然要符合专利法关于外观设计的一般规定。根据我国专利法第二条第四款关于外观设计的定义,外观设计的构成要素包括:载体必须是产品;产品的形状、图案或者其结合或者它们与色彩的结合;可批量应用于产业生产;富有美感的新设计方案。GUI通常需依附于具体的硬件产品而存在,且后者可以是批量生产,如果包含了GUI的整体产品是具有美感的新设计,自然符合上述定义的要求,从而构成专利法保护的客体。

在审查指南上GUI专利权的客体被定义为“带有与人机交互和实现产品功能有关的图形用户界面的完整产品”,其中人机交互是指人与机器之间通过一定的交互方式(如点击、触摸、滑动、显示等)来完成信息(指令、反馈、状态等)传递的过程;而实现产品功能指的是产品能发挥有利作用,包括实现产品自身功能和借助应用程序实现的功能,但不包括链接网站网页。

以上两个条件即人机交互和实现产品功能同时存在的图形用户界面的产品才构成GUI专利权的客体,同时GUI外观设计保护了交互过程的视觉效果。

一般我们把GUI专利权的客体分成如下五种类型:(1)设备专用界面类型;(2)通用操作系统界面类型;(3)图标界面类型;(4)网页应用界面类型;(5)应用软件界面类型。

 

2. GUI外观设计专利的获取方法

确定了GUI专利权的客体后,我们需要将所述客体转化为符合专利局审查要求从而有利于后期的权利使用的申请文件,这样的申请文件涉及:(1)外观设计名称;(2)简要说明;(3)产品视图。

 

1)外观设计名称

GUI专利权申请过程中,它的外观设计名称必须包括“界面”关键词,比如带图形用户界面的复印机、手机的应用软件界面。在确定GUI专利权的外观设计名称时,有三种情况是禁止的:(1)不能仅以所涉及的图形用户界面内容作为产品名称;(2)不能仅以图形用户界面的物理载体作为产品名称;(3)不能以过于上位的词语作为产品名称。

 

2)简要说明

1难以确定图形用户界面客体类型:

从产品名称和视图中难以确定该设计属于网站网页的图文排版还是应用软件界面,应在简要说明中进行说明。

例如产品的界面为“手机助手”电脑客户端软件的界面,从产品名称和视图中难以确定音响表面麦克风图案是桌面壁纸、还是与人机交互和实现产品功能有关的图形用户界面,应在简要说明中进行说明---音响表面的麦克风图案为图形用户界面,点击麦克风图案可启动录音功能。

2难以确定图形用户界面设计区域:

从视图中难以确定该部位手机的机身上的操作键还是图形用户界面的一部分,此时需要在简要说明中对图形用户界面的区域做出说明。

3难以确定动态图形用户界面的变化趋势,

从视图中难以确定动态图形用户界面的变化趋势,应在简要说明中进行说明;对于设计要点在于图形用户界面:写明图形用户界面的用途;写明设计要点在于图形用户界面设计,必要时写明图形用户界面在产品中的区域、人机交互方式以及变化状态等。

举个简要说明的例子如下:

Ø  本外观设计产品的名称:用于手机的图形用户界面(或者:带有图形用户界面的手机);

Ø  本外观设计产品的界面用途:手机的操作系统界面;

Ø  本外观设计产品的设计要点:在于屏幕中的图形用户界面,手机为现有设计;

Ø  最能表明本外观设计要点的图片或照片:主视图。

3)产品视图

1设计要点在于界面和整体产品的提交全部视图,与常规外观设计类似。

2设计要点在于界面,应通过视图清楚地表达出图形用户界面所应用的产品领域,清楚地显示出图形用户界面设计以及其在产品中的大小、位置和比例关系。其中当图形用户界面比例较小时,应提交局部放大图;要求保护色彩的不可提交绘制与渲染混合视图,但不要求保护色彩时,可以提交混合视图。

3动态图形用户界面:

A.      设计要点在于某些帧:动态图形用户界面中的某些帧的界面能满足人机交互或者能实现产品的功能,申请人可以选择将这些帧单独申请专利保护;如果想在一件专利里同时保护多个帧,又希望这些帧都能单独主张权利,在满足单一性的授权条件的前提下,可以以相似外观设计合案申请的方式在一件申请中提出。

B.      使用时包含“内容画面“的图形用户界面不得包含图形用户界面以外“拍摄内容画面”。

C.      使用时包含“内容画面“的图形用户界面不得包含图形用户界面以外的“播放内容画面”,但带“内容画面”的视图可以作为“使用状态参考图”。

D.     使用时镶嵌于网页中的应用程序的图形用户界面视图可以提交。

注意:仅可删除“内容画面”,不可删除图形用户界面要素,删除“内容画面”不等同于保护单纯的排列布局设计。

3. GUI外观设计专利的保护范围

对于GUI专利权的保护范围,以专利法第五十九条第二款为准,具体而言:(1)设计要点在于图形用户界面的,以视图中表达的图形用户界面设计为准;其保护范围延及与物理产品相同或者相近领域内或者实现图形用户界面设计交互和功能方式相同的其他产品。

2)设计要点包括动态过程的图形用户界面的,则起始、结束视图及其用关键帧表现变化趋势的过程作为一个整体得到专利保护;无效时只能整体被无效,不能单独就其中一个状态界面提出无效。

申请人申请GUI外观设计专利的目的主要是为了保护图形用户界面,但为了满足授权条件,需要把图形用户界面与具体的硬件相结合进行申请,这样一来保护范围将被大幅缩小,因为硬件部分也被纳入进来了,虽然硬件部分的形状、图案、色彩的变化并不影响GUI外观设计,但是硬件部分的变化会改变产品的外观。

举例来说,一个GUI外观设计的产品为电脑,如果把电脑的形状也纳入到保护范围,则该外观设计保护范围将大大缩小,权利人在维权时将会受限,可能会出现虽然GUI设计相同,但由于硬件部分不相同或不相似而不被认定为侵害外观设计专利权的情形。

因此,有很多学者建议,即使是在以具体设备作为保护客体的GUI外观设计专利中,判断是否相同或相近似时,图形用户界面依然应该作为最重要的部分被重点考虑,硬件部分应当被弱化,尤其是属于现有设计的硬件部分,在GUI外观设计专利的侵权判断中不应成为判定不相同或者不相近似的原因。

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Electronic Arts pledges free use for five accessibility patents

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2021-09-09
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