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从格列卫专利无效案看制药用途权利要求的审查标准

  • Categories:最新消息
  • Author:华讯知识产权
  • Origin:
  • Time of issue:2019-03-08 15:45
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(Summary description)原先只被医药圈内人与病人群所熟知的格列卫,随着电影《我不是药神》的上映而走入公众视野,备受热议。 神药格列卫格列卫(伊马替尼),其有效成分为甲磺酸伊马替尼,是诺华(Novartis)研发的一种针对酪氨酸激酶BCR-ABL的分子靶向药物,也是人类历史上第一个成功研制的小分子靶向药物,于2001年5月10日率先获美国食品药品管理局(FDA)批准上市(商品名:Gleevec),目前该药已经在超过110个

从格列卫专利无效案看制药用途权利要求的审查标准

(Summary description)原先只被医药圈内人与病人群所熟知的格列卫,随着电影《我不是药神》的上映而走入公众视野,备受热议。 神药格列卫格列卫(伊马替尼),其有效成分为甲磺酸伊马替尼,是诺华(Novartis)研发的一种针对酪氨酸激酶BCR-ABL的分子靶向药物,也是人类历史上第一个成功研制的小分子靶向药物,于2001年5月10日率先获美国食品药品管理局(FDA)批准上市(商品名:Gleevec),目前该药已经在超过110个

  • Categories:最新消息
  • Author:华讯知识产权
  • Origin:
  • Time of issue:2019-03-08 15:45
  • Views:
Information

原先只被医药圈内人与病人群所熟知的格列卫,随着电影《我不是药神》的上映而走入公众视野,备受热议。

 

神药格列卫

格列卫(伊马替尼),其有效成分为甲磺酸伊马替尼,是诺华(Novartis)研发的一种针对酪氨酸激酶BCR-ABL的分子靶向药物,也是人类历史上第一个成功研制的小分子靶向药物,于2001年5月10日率先获美国食品药品管理局(FDA)批准上市(商品名:Gleevec),目前该药已经在超过110个国家和地区获准上市,其开创了肿瘤分子靶向治疗的时代,被誉为里程碑式的发现,与人类基因工程等并列为2001年世界十大科技突破之一。

格列卫现作为费城染色体阳性的慢性粒细胞白血病的一线用药,用于治疗慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)急变期、加速期或α-干扰素治疗失败后的慢性期患者,在慢粒白血病之后,格列卫又被开发出治疗胃肠基质肿瘤(GIST)的新用途,持续服药的患者也可获得长期生存。

 

格列卫专利权保卫战案件背景

格列卫的药品化合物原始专利于2013年5月到期,江苏豪森药业的甲磺酸伊马替尼仿制药(商品名昕维)获准上市,并明显分享了格列卫的市场占有率,为了遏制昕维入市,诺华向北京市第二中级人民法院提起诉讼,指控豪森药业仿制药昕维侵犯了诺华CN1276754C的专利权,该专利保护的是格列卫治疗胃肠基质肿瘤的第二医药用途,原预估到期日为2021年10月。

随后,豪森药业发起反击,于2014年9月5日向国家知识产权局专利复审委员会提起专利权无效宣告请求。2015年10月23日,专利复审委员会作出无效宣告请求审查决定,认为涉案专利不具有我国专利法第二十二条第三款规定的创造性,宣告该发明专利权全部无效。

诺华不服向北京知识产权法院上诉,后判决驳回上诉,维持专利复审委决定。诺华不服判决,又向北京高院上诉,在2017年12月20日北京高院判决驳回上诉,维持原判。

 

无效决定书中的亮点

涉案专利仅有一项权利要求,权利要求1是一项制药用途权利要求。制药用途权利要求实质上是针对我国专利法对疾病的治疗方法不授予专利权所作出的特别规定,通过给医药用途发明创造提供必要的保护空间和制度激励,平衡社会公众与权利人的利益,这类权利要求通常被撰写为“化合物X在制备用于治疗Y疾病的药物中的用途”或与此类似的形式,这类权利要求通常具有三个主要特征:化合物X、化合物X制备成药物、治疗Y疾病。

决定书对于制药用途权利要求的解释原则做了明确的指引,即对于以“X物质在制备用于治疗Y疾病的药物中的应用”形式撰写的医药用途权利要求,“治疗Y疾病”应理解为“对患有某疾病的患者治疗有效”,而不能理解为“对某疾病的体外细胞实验有效”或“对某疾病的动物模型试验有效”,在此基础上,决定书对于该类型权利要求新颖性评判中现有技术公开程度的把握尺度提出了清晰的审查标准,即如果现有技术公开的内容不能反映该物质能够有效治疗所述疾病患者的确切结论,则该医药用途发明具备新颖性

决定书对于创造性评判中分析本领域技术人员能否尝试获得技术方案的情形,提出了“合理的成功预期”的评判标准,即判断发明相对于现有技术是否显而易见时,不仅需要考虑本领域技术人员是否会尝试采用某物质治疗某疾病,即考虑是否会尝试技术方案本身,还应考虑该尝试是否有合理的成功预期,即考虑是否能合理地预见到该方案能解决所要解决的技术问题、达到预期技术效果。如果本领域技术人员会考虑尝试采用某物质治疗某疾病,且具有合理的成功预期,则该医药用途发明不具备创造性,其中合理的成功预期并不等同于绝对的成功预期。

 

北京高院审查结果

Ø  争点1. 证据1是否在涉案专利优先权日之前已公开从而构成涉案专利的现有技术。

Ø  争点2. 创造性判断中引入证据2、5、6认定涉案专利所属领域技术人员的知识和能力是否合法妥当。

Ø  争点3. 涉案专利权利要求1相对于证据1是否具有创造性。

其中对于争点3的创造性问题,法院认为证据1已经教导用选择性酪氨酸激酶抑制剂STI571针对GIST进行的试验属于“新的系统性治疗途径”,并且所述试验非常早期的结果看起来令人兴奋,因此本领域技术人员有动机尝试采用STI571治疗GIST,即涉案专利权利要求1记载的技术方案。

至于本领域技术人员对STI571治疗GIS是否具有成功的预期,诺华提出抗肿瘤药物研发成功率低,以及现有技术中没有单一药物靶向治疗实体肿瘤的成功先例的问题,但法院认为这并不影响本领域技术人员能够从证据1合理预期到ST1571能有效治疗GIST的结论,创造性判断中只需要对成功具有合理的预期即可,并不需要绝对的成功预期。

华还认为涉案专利取得了预料不到的技术效果,对此,法院认为发明取得了预料不到的技术效果,是指同现有技术相比,技术效果产生了“质”的变化,具有新的性能,或者产生“量”的变化,这种“质”或“量”的变化,对本领域技术人员来说事先无法预测或者推理出来,涉案专利权利要求1记载的技术方案相对于证据1并没有产生新的性能和超出本领域技术人员预期的效果。

最终决定驳回上诉,维持原判。

 

结语

医药用途权利要求,特别是第二医药用途权利要求的新颖性和创造性判断是非常复杂的法律问题,且向来存在广泛争议,判断难点包括权利要求保护范围的解读、对比文件公开到何种程度才能被认为是披露了发明、创造性的标准如何把握、预料不到的技术效果如何认定等。

该案判决书发布后,引起业界广泛关注,法律界人士表示,诺和与豪森专利权案件的判决结果为第二医药用途权利要求的新颖性、创造性审查难点问题做出了探索性的分析和评断,给出明确且可操作的观点主张,有利于业界和社会公众准确理解专利审查标准,形成清晰明确的合理预期,对于该领域类似问题具有重要指导意义,将对全球创新药企业和仿制药企业在中国的专利保护策略和商业活动产生显著和深远的影响。

 

 

 

 

 

参考资料:
https://news.pharmacodia.com/web/newinfo/information_8a2d983760a18e480160bcdc196e0ae8.html

 

Keyword:

Electronic

Electronic Arts pledges free use for five accessibility patents

Electronic Arts pledges free use for five accessibility patents Recently, Electronic Arts (EA) announced a patent pledge that gives other companies and developers free access to five of its current accessibility-related patents and technology. The company promised not to enforce against any party for infringing any of the listed patents. Instead, EA hopes to encourage “innovation” and build new features that make video games more inclusive on a much larger scale by opening up the patents.  Electronic Arts (EA) is an American video game company founded in 1982. The company owns many popular and famous games, such as The Sims, SimCity, Apex Legends, Madden NFL and FIFA. Each of the games has more than 30 or 50 million sales volume. Significantly, esports involves FIFA and Apex Legends into the event list. Apex Legends has up to 1 billion players, and it is so popular that it has a Switch version. Within the freely available patents, one of which grabs everyone’s attention -- Apex Legends’ ping system (patent No. US 11097189). The ping system in Apex Legends, which excellently allows players to make communication and teamwork quick and easy without hearing or speaking, has been praised both as an impressive alternative to voice chat and as a great accessibility feature for players with a variety of disabilities.  The other patents include the technology widely used in the FIFA and Madden NFL. The innovations can automatically detect and modify colors (patent No. US 10118097 and CN 107694092) and contrast ratios (patent No. US 10878540) to improve gamers’ visibility with colorblindness and low vision. Furthermore, one of the patents relates to personalized sound technology, helping players with hearing issues by modifying or creating music based on their preferences (patent No. US 10790919).   The code of the mentioned technology is published on EA’s GitHub, and it is open to all developers. Thus, the developers can use it or adapt it for their games without spending the costs to research. It is good that EA shares the patents for free use and aims to create an accessibility-increased gaming environment for players. However, it is not “unconditional” to use the listed patents. In the pledge, EA mentioned that it may terminate the promise for a specific party which files a patent infringement lawsuit or other patent proceedings against EA. We can see parts of EV’s ambition behind the announcement—to build a large game developer league and a community of shared interests.     Reference: https://www.ea.com/commitments/positive-play/accessibility-patent-pledge https://iknow.stpi.narl.org.tw/Post/Read.aspx?PostID=14562 https://www.polygon.com/22639469/apex-legends-electronic-arts-patent-pledge-accessibility-developers https://www.theverge.com/2021/8/24/22638535/ea-accessibility-patent-pledge-apex-legends-ping-system https://www.gamesradar.com/ea-secures-a-patent-for-the-apex-legends-ping-system-and-its-giving-it-away-for-free/ https://dotesports.com/apex-legends/news/apex-legends-ping-system-is-now-patent-free-for-accessibility https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2021/08/apex_legends_ping_system_now_patent-free_as_ea_announces_accessibility_pledge Recently, Electronic Arts (EA) announced a patent pledge that gives other companies and developers free access to five of its current accessibility-related patents and technology. The company promised not to enforce against any party for infringing any of the listed patents. Instead, EA hopes to encourage “innovation” and build new features that make video games more inclusive on a much larger scale by opening up the patents.    Electronic Arts (EA) is an American video game company founded in 1982. The company owns many popular and famous games, such as The Sims, SimCity, Apex Legends, Madden NFL and FIFA. Each of the games has more than 30 or 50 million sales volume. Significantly, esports involves FIFA and Apex Legends into the event list. Apex Legends has up to 1 billion players, and it is so popular that it has a Switch version.   Within the freely available patents, one of which grabs everyone’s attention -- Apex Legends’ ping system (patent No. US 11097189). The ping system in Apex Legends, which excellently allows players to make communication and teamwork quick and easy without hearing or speaking, has been praised both as an impressive alternative to voice chat and as a great accessibility feature for players with a variety of disabilities.    The other patents include the technology widely used in the FIFA and Madden NFL. The innovations can automatically detect and modify colors (patent No. US 10118097 and CN 107694092) and contrast ratios (patent No. US 10878540) to improve gamers’ visibility with colorblindness and low vision. Furthermore, one of the patents relates to personalized sound technology, helping players with hearing issues by modifying or creating music based on their preferences (patent No. US 10790919).   The
2021-10-22
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The forum on "China's Intellectual Property-related Reform Measures and New Trends in Patent Litigation" will be held successfully!

The forum on "China's Intellectual Property-related Reform Measures and New Trends in Patent Litigation" will be held successfully! In response to the call for building a strong country with intellectual property rights, at 2 o'clock in the afternoon of October 21, the forum on "China's reform measures related to intellectual property rights and new trends in patent litigation" will be successfully held in Nanjing Jiangbei New District Industrial Technology Research and Innovation Park. The event was hosted by the Science and Technology Innovation Bureau of Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Management Committee, Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Industrial Technology Research and Innovation Park, Nanjing Intellectual Property Rights Protection Assistance Center Jiangbei New District Center, Nanjing Huaxun Intellectual Property Consultant Co., Ltd., Nanjing Intellectual Property Co-organized by the Protection Center (Nanjing Intellectual Property Rights Protection Assistance Center), Taiwan Pharmaceutical Development Association, and Gene Online. The director of Nanjing Intellectual Property Protection Center, Mou Xiaojian, delivered a speech. Director Mu expressed his warm congratulations on the holding of this event and introduced in detail the new pattern of intellectual property protection in Nanjing. He said: At present, Nanjing has implemented a rights protection assistance network in the municipal area. With full coverage, Nanjing Intellectual Property Protection Center is willing to closely communicate and interact with Nanjing's innovation entities, and provide relevant public welfare services such as rapid pre-review, rapid rights protection, and comprehensive utilization for enterprises in need. In addition, Huang Funan, CEO of Gene Online, was unable to come to congratulate due to the epidemic, and recorded a congratulatory video. In the video, he said: China Innovative Pharmaceuticals has already made many outstanding achievements on the international stage, and these are inseparable from intellectual property rights. The support of the company can also show the importance of intellectual property rights to biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. This event invites four industry experts to focus on China's reform measures related to intellectual property rights and new trends in patent litigation, discuss with companies and universities, and make arrangements in advance. Dr. Qingchen Hou, general manager of Nanjing Huaxun Intellectual Property Consulting Co., Ltd., introduced the "Guidelines for Building a Powerful Country with Intellectual Property Rights (2021-2035)" and explained his views from four aspects: background, strategic layout, overall requirements, and organizational guarantees. . Subsequently, a detailed analysis of China's patent linkage system was carried out, and compared with the same types of cases at home and abroad, questions were raised: Why should we reward the first person who successfully challenged patents? Not the first person to file a P4 application? And have a series of discussions with you. Director Jiang Haijun of the Intellectual Property Protection Legal Committee of the Nanjing Lawyers Association gave a speech on three points: the problems after the amendment of the patent law, the enforceability of the amount of compensation, and the legal conflicts related to service inventions. Regarding the patent right evaluation report, he emphasized that the patentee, interested party or accused infringer can also proactively issue a patent right evaluation report. "Patent is a work of art that combines technology and law" is a message shared by Mr. Feng Tao from Jiangsu Junbo Law Firm at this event. Mr. Feng analyzes the big data of Chinese patent litigation cases through graphs and examples. Explore. The last topic of the event was shared by Guo Huangying, Intellectual Property Manager of Nanjing Huaxun Intellectual Property Agency (General Partnership)-China's Patent Infringement Judgment Principles and New Developments. Manager Guo explained to everyone the principles of patent infringement judgment and the necessity of patent infringement search and analysis before producing and selling products. In the intellectual property industry, ECCOM has been providing high-quality and professional comprehensive intellectual property services to enterprises and universities one step at a time. It also hopes that under the leadership of the state and the government, it will contribute to the building of a strong intellectual property nation in China. Make a contribution.
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Types of patents that are easily overlooked- Design Patent

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Colopl Settles Patent Infringement Lawsuit with Nintendo by Paying $30 Million

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2021-09-09
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