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原研药与类似药之专利舞蹈

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  • Time of issue:2017-04-17 14:44
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(Summary description)全球重磅药物排行榜上的主力——小分子药物正逐渐被生物药所取代。全球生物药市场成长迅速,其中又以美国的市场最大约占全球市场46%。  随着近年原研药厂纷纷面临专利断崖问题,抢攻生物类似药(或称生物仿制药)开发成为一门显学。根据KellyScientificPublication的研究报告,截至2019年估计将有50%的生物药面临专利过期情况,至2020年美国的生物类似药市场规模可上看110亿美元,成

原研药与类似药之专利舞蹈

(Summary description)全球重磅药物排行榜上的主力——小分子药物正逐渐被生物药所取代。全球生物药市场成长迅速,其中又以美国的市场最大约占全球市场46%。  随着近年原研药厂纷纷面临专利断崖问题,抢攻生物类似药(或称生物仿制药)开发成为一门显学。根据KellyScientificPublication的研究报告,截至2019年估计将有50%的生物药面临专利过期情况,至2020年美国的生物类似药市场规模可上看110亿美元,成

  • Categories:最新消息
  • Author:
  • Origin:
  • Time of issue:2017-04-17 14:44
  • Views:
Information

  全球重磅药物排行榜上的主力——小分子药物正逐渐被生物药所取代。全球生物药市场成长迅速,其中又以美国的市场最大约占全球市场46%。

  随着近年原研药厂纷纷面临专利断崖问题,抢攻生物类似药(或称生物仿制药)开发成为一门显学。根据Kelly Scientific Publication的研究报告,截至2019年估计将有50%的生物药面临专利过期情况,至2020年美国的生物类似药市场规模可上看110亿美元,成为兵家必争之地。

  根据汤森路透的权威数据,中国在研生物类似药数量已经全球第一,其中,冠军是遥遥领先的苏州的康宁杰瑞(28个),亚军是齐鲁制药(10个),而嘉和生物、中信国健、哈药和厦门的特宝生物4家公司以8个在研生物类似药并列第三,由于产品昂贵,传统的中国-非洲-新兴国家-发达国家的“农村包围城市”路径不易走通,随着美国生物类似物法规的落地,从“城市到农村”成为生物类似物国际化的必由之路。美国作为生物类似药最具潜力市场,所以熟悉其相关的法规和专利规定都至关重要。

  美国的生物类似药快速审批路径被规范在「生物制剂价格竞争与创新法案」(Biologics Price Competitionand Innovation Act,简称「BPCIA」)中,除了审批的相关规定外,该法案还制订了一套用来解决原研药公司与类似药公司双方专利纠纷的制度,该制度被称为「专利舞蹈」。

  由于专利舞蹈的相关规定复杂,目前美国各大生物类似药厂都还在测度法规要件与解释的各种可能性,试图找出对自己最有利的作法。中国企业若欲开发生物类似药并规划于美国上市,不得不好好关注此领域的法规与实务动向。

  1.BPCIA专利舞蹈程序

  BPCIA中专利舞蹈大致可分为三个部分:辨识、强化专利和鼓励。辨识即交由早期专利诉讼的当事人来回进行协商,以辨识生物药品专利和可能侵权者;强化专利即通过一些手段强化生物药品专利对可能侵权者的效果;最后鼓励为鼓励生物相似性药品申请人,鼓励他们尽早上市并带来市场竞争。

  2.“专利舞蹈”能不能不跳

  “专利舞蹈”的规则可谓复杂,类似物厂家与原研厂家有大量的互动,这是一个双方都不情愿参与的舞蹈。所以从目前批准的类似物来看,很多企业都试图规避走这么复杂的渠道。

  依照目前联邦巡回上诉法院对BPCIA的解释,可以预期避开“专利舞蹈”的好处有三:第一,可避免在诉讼前揭露公司的商业机密,原研药公司若想知道类似药的制造工艺细节,只能透过美国诉讼的证据发现程序(Discovery)来取得,但前提是,原研药公司必须确实握有制造工艺相关专利才能要求被告揭露制造工艺信息,这将使原研药公司须在不确定对方是否侵权的情况下提起诉讼,承担更多的变数。其二,依照BPCIA专利舞蹈的规定,类似药在真正上市前可能会面临两次以上的诉讼,第一次为信息交换完成,双方协调出首次诉讼范围后,第二次在类似药公司提出上市前通知后。不按照专利舞蹈的程序,可能迫使原研药公司在一开始就提出所有专利来进行诉讼,将原先分为两次诉讼的专利合并在一次解决。第三,避开专利舞蹈可能缩短解决专利纠纷的时间。

  类似药公司若在收到FDA接受审查通知后20天内不向原研药公司提供完整资料,原研药公司很可能在较早的时后提起诉讼,如安进对山德士一案中,安进即在第109天向山德士提起诉讼,相较于按照专利舞蹈程序通常要等待将近8个月才进入第一次诉讼,时间提前许多。

  虽然就目前的最新发展来看,回避专利舞蹈可以避免一些程序上的麻烦,但真正原研药和类似药公司的输赢仍是在诉讼战场上见真章,比的是谁对专利信息与法规的掌握度更高。因此,想要进军美国生物仿制市场,如何掌握并控管专利风险、提早搜集有利证据仍为最重要课题。否则,将诉讼提前也只是提早出局而已。

  3.“专利舞蹈”不得不跳的部分怎么跳

  “专利舞蹈”是为了解决专利纠纷,是BPCIA的一部分,申请生物类似物还是要遵守BPCIA制定的大部分游戏规则的。比如提出审批申请之前,仿制药公司依然不能提出确认诉讼。

  不过,美国的专利纠纷除了透过法院途径解决之外,还有专利复审制度可以运用,后者由美国专利局辖下的专利审讯上诉委员会(PatentTrialandAppealBoard,简称PTAB)负责审理。生物类似药公司在提出审批申请前,仍可先向专利审讯上诉委员会提出授予专利权后复审(PostGrantReview,简称PGR)或多方复审(InterPartesReview,简称IPR)。其好处在于费用较节省,可能只需诉讼费用十分之一,另外还具备时程上的优势。专利审讯上诉委员会一般在收到请求人提出请求后6个月内会决定是否接受审理,决定接受后12个月内就会做出复审结果,整套复审程序走完最多仅18个月,比起诉讼时间要快上许多。

  2013年6月间Hospira即针对杨森(Janssen)促红细胞生成素(epoetinalfa)的治疗方法专利(U.S.Pat.6,747,002)提出多方复审请求,成功迫使杨森在同年9月主动放弃该专利有关的权利要求;另外,2014年12月殷格翰(BoehringerIngelheim)一口气对基因泰克(Genentech)3件利妥昔单抗(Rituximab)的治疗方法专利(U.S.Pat.7,976,838、U.S.Pat.7,820,161、U.S.Pat.8,329,172)提起多方复审,但专利审讯上诉委员会最后仅接受了US7976838专利和US7820161专利一半权利要求的复审请求,目前仍在审理中。

  无论如何,美国专利复审制度提供生物类似药公司一个相当好的工具与战术,仿制药企业有机会在提出生物类似药审批申请前,化被动为主动,先行解除原研药公司的专利威胁。许多原研药公司惟恐专利最终被无效,主动向申请复审的申请人寻求和解也是常有的事,仿制药企业藉由此等主动进击,有助于提升协商优势增添谈判筹码,达到商业目的也换得商业利益。

  新闻来源:http://news.bioon.com/article/6685970.html

  本新闻经华讯团队重新编辑整理并添加分析意见。

Electronic

Electronic Arts pledges free use for five accessibility patents

Electronic Arts pledges free use for five accessibility patents Recently, Electronic Arts (EA) announced a patent pledge that gives other companies and developers free access to five of its current accessibility-related patents and technology. The company promised not to enforce against any party for infringing any of the listed patents. Instead, EA hopes to encourage “innovation” and build new features that make video games more inclusive on a much larger scale by opening up the patents.  Electronic Arts (EA) is an American video game company founded in 1982. The company owns many popular and famous games, such as The Sims, SimCity, Apex Legends, Madden NFL and FIFA. Each of the games has more than 30 or 50 million sales volume. Significantly, esports involves FIFA and Apex Legends into the event list. Apex Legends has up to 1 billion players, and it is so popular that it has a Switch version. Within the freely available patents, one of which grabs everyone’s attention -- Apex Legends’ ping system (patent No. US 11097189). The ping system in Apex Legends, which excellently allows players to make communication and teamwork quick and easy without hearing or speaking, has been praised both as an impressive alternative to voice chat and as a great accessibility feature for players with a variety of disabilities.  The other patents include the technology widely used in the FIFA and Madden NFL. The innovations can automatically detect and modify colors (patent No. US 10118097 and CN 107694092) and contrast ratios (patent No. US 10878540) to improve gamers’ visibility with colorblindness and low vision. Furthermore, one of the patents relates to personalized sound technology, helping players with hearing issues by modifying or creating music based on their preferences (patent No. US 10790919).   The code of the mentioned technology is published on EA’s GitHub, and it is open to all developers. Thus, the developers can use it or adapt it for their games without spending the costs to research. It is good that EA shares the patents for free use and aims to create an accessibility-increased gaming environment for players. However, it is not “unconditional” to use the listed patents. In the pledge, EA mentioned that it may terminate the promise for a specific party which files a patent infringement lawsuit or other patent proceedings against EA. We can see parts of EV’s ambition behind the announcement—to build a large game developer league and a community of shared interests.     Reference: https://www.ea.com/commitments/positive-play/accessibility-patent-pledge https://iknow.stpi.narl.org.tw/Post/Read.aspx?PostID=14562 https://www.polygon.com/22639469/apex-legends-electronic-arts-patent-pledge-accessibility-developers https://www.theverge.com/2021/8/24/22638535/ea-accessibility-patent-pledge-apex-legends-ping-system https://www.gamesradar.com/ea-secures-a-patent-for-the-apex-legends-ping-system-and-its-giving-it-away-for-free/ https://dotesports.com/apex-legends/news/apex-legends-ping-system-is-now-patent-free-for-accessibility https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2021/08/apex_legends_ping_system_now_patent-free_as_ea_announces_accessibility_pledge Recently, Electronic Arts (EA) announced a patent pledge that gives other companies and developers free access to five of its current accessibility-related patents and technology. The company promised not to enforce against any party for infringing any of the listed patents. Instead, EA hopes to encourage “innovation” and build new features that make video games more inclusive on a much larger scale by opening up the patents.    Electronic Arts (EA) is an American video game company founded in 1982. The company owns many popular and famous games, such as The Sims, SimCity, Apex Legends, Madden NFL and FIFA. Each of the games has more than 30 or 50 million sales volume. Significantly, esports involves FIFA and Apex Legends into the event list. Apex Legends has up to 1 billion players, and it is so popular that it has a Switch version.   Within the freely available patents, one of which grabs everyone’s attention -- Apex Legends’ ping system (patent No. US 11097189). The ping system in Apex Legends, which excellently allows players to make communication and teamwork quick and easy without hearing or speaking, has been praised both as an impressive alternative to voice chat and as a great accessibility feature for players with a variety of disabilities.    The other patents include the technology widely used in the FIFA and Madden NFL. The innovations can automatically detect and modify colors (patent No. US 10118097 and CN 107694092) and contrast ratios (patent No. US 10878540) to improve gamers’ visibility with colorblindness and low vision. Furthermore, one of the patents relates to personalized sound technology, helping players with hearing issues by modifying or creating music based on their preferences (patent No. US 10790919).   The
2021-10-22
The

The forum on "China's Intellectual Property-related Reform Measures and New Trends in Patent Litigation" will be held successfully!

The forum on "China's Intellectual Property-related Reform Measures and New Trends in Patent Litigation" will be held successfully! In response to the call for building a strong country with intellectual property rights, at 2 o'clock in the afternoon of October 21, the forum on "China's reform measures related to intellectual property rights and new trends in patent litigation" will be successfully held in Nanjing Jiangbei New District Industrial Technology Research and Innovation Park. The event was hosted by the Science and Technology Innovation Bureau of Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Management Committee, Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Industrial Technology Research and Innovation Park, Nanjing Intellectual Property Rights Protection Assistance Center Jiangbei New District Center, Nanjing Huaxun Intellectual Property Consultant Co., Ltd., Nanjing Intellectual Property Co-organized by the Protection Center (Nanjing Intellectual Property Rights Protection Assistance Center), Taiwan Pharmaceutical Development Association, and Gene Online. The director of Nanjing Intellectual Property Protection Center, Mou Xiaojian, delivered a speech. Director Mu expressed his warm congratulations on the holding of this event and introduced in detail the new pattern of intellectual property protection in Nanjing. He said: At present, Nanjing has implemented a rights protection assistance network in the municipal area. With full coverage, Nanjing Intellectual Property Protection Center is willing to closely communicate and interact with Nanjing's innovation entities, and provide relevant public welfare services such as rapid pre-review, rapid rights protection, and comprehensive utilization for enterprises in need. In addition, Huang Funan, CEO of Gene Online, was unable to come to congratulate due to the epidemic, and recorded a congratulatory video. In the video, he said: China Innovative Pharmaceuticals has already made many outstanding achievements on the international stage, and these are inseparable from intellectual property rights. The support of the company can also show the importance of intellectual property rights to biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. This event invites four industry experts to focus on China's reform measures related to intellectual property rights and new trends in patent litigation, discuss with companies and universities, and make arrangements in advance. Dr. Qingchen Hou, general manager of Nanjing Huaxun Intellectual Property Consulting Co., Ltd., introduced the "Guidelines for Building a Powerful Country with Intellectual Property Rights (2021-2035)" and explained his views from four aspects: background, strategic layout, overall requirements, and organizational guarantees. . Subsequently, a detailed analysis of China's patent linkage system was carried out, and compared with the same types of cases at home and abroad, questions were raised: Why should we reward the first person who successfully challenged patents? Not the first person to file a P4 application? And have a series of discussions with you. Director Jiang Haijun of the Intellectual Property Protection Legal Committee of the Nanjing Lawyers Association gave a speech on three points: the problems after the amendment of the patent law, the enforceability of the amount of compensation, and the legal conflicts related to service inventions. Regarding the patent right evaluation report, he emphasized that the patentee, interested party or accused infringer can also proactively issue a patent right evaluation report. "Patent is a work of art that combines technology and law" is a message shared by Mr. Feng Tao from Jiangsu Junbo Law Firm at this event. Mr. Feng analyzes the big data of Chinese patent litigation cases through graphs and examples. Explore. The last topic of the event was shared by Guo Huangying, Intellectual Property Manager of Nanjing Huaxun Intellectual Property Agency (General Partnership)-China's Patent Infringement Judgment Principles and New Developments. Manager Guo explained to everyone the principles of patent infringement judgment and the necessity of patent infringement search and analysis before producing and selling products. In the intellectual property industry, ECCOM has been providing high-quality and professional comprehensive intellectual property services to enterprises and universities one step at a time. It also hopes that under the leadership of the state and the government, it will contribute to the building of a strong intellectual property nation in China. Make a contribution.
2021-10-22
Types

Types of patents that are easily overlooked- Design Patent

Types of patents that are easily overlooked- Design Patent In recent years, as the public’s awareness of intellectual property has increased, people have begun to consciously use the patent law to protect their intellectual property rights. However, in the process of implementation, they often only focus on invention patent and utility model patent, and tend to ignore the protection of design patent. Recently, Midea sued Haotaitai for two models of CXW-300-D998 and CXW-300-D908 Haotaitai brand range hoods In the case of suspected infringement of its design patent (patent number: ZL201930621598.X), the Guangzhou Intellectual Property Court made a first-instance judgment after hearing that it determined that the two products of Haotaitai constituted infringement, and ordered it to immediately stop the infringement and compensate Midea, The company's economic losses and reasonable expenses totaled 360,000 yuan. In fact, appearance infringement cases have occurred from time to time before, such as: "Molly" blind box design patent case, "Siemens" switch design patent infringement dispute case received a compensation of 6 million yuan, three Casio watch design patents were infringed Received a compensation of 8.8 million yuan and so on. The reason why people ignore the protection of design patents, in the final analysis, is that they have insufficient knowledge of design patents. Today, let's take a look at what is protected by design patents and what rights protections can we apply for? Design patent definition: Article 2 of the "Patent Law", design patent, refers to a new design that is aesthetically pleasing and suitable for industrial applications based on the shape, pattern, or combination of products, and the combination of color, shape, and pattern. Protected range: The shape of the product; the pattern of the product; the shape and pattern of the product; the shape and color of the product; the pattern and color of the product; the shape, pattern and color of the product. Protection period: The term of protection for design patent rights is 15 years, calculated from the date of filing. What are the conditions for applying for a design patent? The design should be aesthetically pleasing Appearance patents should be suitable for industrial applications The design patent application should be novel The design patent application should be inventiveness What are the advantages and functions of design patents? Protect the rights and interests of enterprises in product designs and fight against infringements in market competition. To enhance brand value, the quality and quantity of patents are the embodiment of the company's innovation ability and core competitiveness. Receive consumer recognition. If a company's new product appearance is filed for a patent in a timely manner, its appearance design will enjoy the exclusive right. Nowadays, consumers often choose products with trendy and beautiful appearance when buying their products. Applying for a design patent is a necessary condition for applying for a high-tech enterprise.
2021-09-26
Colopl

Colopl Settles Patent Infringement Lawsuit with Nintendo by Paying $30 Million

Colopl Settles Patent Infringement Lawsuit with Nintendo by Paying $30 Million   This August, Nintendo and a game developer Colopl announced that they have settled for patent infringement regarding White Cat Project (Shironeko Project in Japanese), a smartphone game developed by Colopl. Although both companies did not publicly share exact details of the settlement, at least it is sure that Colopl agreed to pay 3.3 billion yen (about US$30.2 million) as the settlement fee for the proceedings, including the future license of Nintendo's patents.    How did the battle begin?  Being developed and published by a Japanese game developer, Colopl, White Cat Project is a free-to-play action role-playing game for Android and iOS systems. The mobile game was launched in July 2014 as well as got a television anime adaptation in 2020. It is incredibly popular to have more than 50 million downloads. Furthermore, the game is set to receive a Switch version titled "Shironeko New Project".    In September 2016, Nintendo noted the Colopl's game and considered that the game had infringed on several of Nintendo's technology patents. The two companies communicated with each other for over a year; however, Nintendo did not accept the explanations from Colopl, and Nintendo filed a lawsuit against Colopl at the beginning of 2018.    Nintendo claimed that Colopl infringed 6 of its patents. These patents protect touch-screen joystick functionality (patent no. JP3734820), multiplayer connectivity (patent no. JP5595991, JP6271692), confirmation screens in sleep mode (patent no. JP4010533), character attacks based on touch input locations (patent no. JP4262217), and a shadow effect placed on characters hidden behind the game geometry (patent no. JP3637031).   These patents almost cover various ways of game technology, especially the patent  JP5595991 and JP6271692. Their patent family is wide-reaching, and many divisional applications of the family are pending in Japan. They protect a communication game system and its related devices. It is not easy to detect the patent's existence and boundary since this kind of hardcore technique is so common in the gaming field and our daily lives.     The five-year patent war has been settled.  After a five-year dispute, the situation appeared to turn in Nintendo's favor as the Switch maker increased its monetary demands, which convinced Colopl to strike a deal that lets it use the disputed patents. Furthermore, a Switch version of White Cat Project remains in the works at Colopl.    With the extraordinary losses of Colopl, the legal battle between the two companies came to an end.  
2021-09-09
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